VAGINA
- Synonym
- Colpos , vagina
- Definition
- Vagina is a fibromuscular canal , forming the female copulatory organ
- Extent and situation
- Erect posture
- Directed upward and backward
- Long axis of uterus and cervix
- 90 degree with long axis of vagina
- Size and shape
- Anterior wall
- 8 cm long
- Posterior wall
- 10 cm long
- Diameter
- Upper end
- Twice the size 5 cm
- Lumen is circular due to protrusion of cervix
- Lower end
- 2.5 cm
- Distensible for delivery
- Virgin
- Partially closed by a thin annular fold
- Mucous membrane called hymen
- Married
- Rounded elevations around vaginal orifice
- Caruncular hymenales
- Fornices
- Upper end or vaginal vault
- Circular groove
- Becomes deeper
- Divided in to 4 fornices
- Anterior fornix
- Infront of cervix and shallow
- Posterior fornix
- Lies behind cervix and is deep
- Lateral fornix
- One on each side
- Relations
- Anterior wall
- Upper half is related to base of shoulder
- Lower half to urethra
- Posterior wall
- Upper one fourth is separated from rectum by rectouterine pouch
- Middle two fourths are separated from rectum by loose connective tissue
- Lower 1/4th is separated from Amal canal by perineal body and muscles attached to it
- Lateral walls
- On each side
- Upper 1/3 re related to transverse cervical ligament of pelvic fascia in which are embedded a network of vaginal veins
- Middle 1/3 related to pubococcygeus of levator Ani
- Lower 1/3 pierces perineal membrane
- Below which it is related to bulb of vestibule
- Bulbospobgiosus and ducto of Greater vestibular gland of bartholin
- Arterial supply
- Vaginal branch
- From internal iliac artery
- Cervicovaginal branch
- Upper part of vagina
- From uterine artery
- Lower part
- Middle rectal
- Internal pudendal artery
- Anastomosis
- Vaginal azygous arteries
- Nerve supply
- Upper 2/3 rd
- Pain insensitive
- By sympathetic L1,l2
- By parasympathetic S2 to S4
- Lower 1/3 rd
- Pain sensitive
- Pudendal nerve.
- Inferior rectal nerve
- Posterior labial branches of perineal nerve
- Histology
- Mucous membrane
- Nonkerstinised stratified squamous epithelium
- Lamina propria
- Loose connective tissue
- Muscle coat
- Outer longitudinal
- Inner circular
- Fibrous coat
- Usual connective tissue