MEDULLA OBLONGATA
- MEDULLA OBLONGATA
- Structural Components
- Vital center
- Cardiac center
- Regulates heart rate and force of contraction
- Vasomotor center
- regulation of distribution of blood flow in vessels
- Respiratory center
- regulation of respiration
- External features
- ANTERIOR OR VENTRAL
- divided in to longitudinal halves by
- Anterior median fissure; ventral median fissure
- continuous with fissure of spinal cord
- just above joining ends in a triangular depression
- Foramen caecum of medulla oblongata
- at lower border of pons
- interrupted by decussation of pyramids
- Two elongated elevations on each half called as
- Pyramids
- caused by corticospinal ( pyramidal) fibers
- most of these fibers cross to opposite side in lower medulla
- Decussation of pyramids; motor decussation
- descend as lateral corticospinal tract
- in lateral white column
- uncrossed fibers descend as
- anterior corticospinal tract
- in anterior white column
- Oval elevations called
- Olive
- caused by inferior olivary nucleus
- LATERAL OR SIDES
- divided in to longitudinal halves by
- ANTEROLATERAL SIDES
- Anterolateral sulcus; ventrolateral sulcus
- extends along lateral border of pyramid
- XII - rootlets of Hypoglossal nerve emerges
- POSTEROLATERAL SIDES
- Posterolateral sulcus; dorsolateral sulcus
- lies between olive and inferior cerebellar peduncle
- emerges from it are
- IX , X , XI cranial nerves
- Inferior cerebellar peduncle
- posterolateral to olive
- attach medulla with cerebellum
- DORSAL OR POSTERIOR
- divided in to longitudinal halves by
- Posterior median sulcus; dorsal median sulcus
- present only in lower half of medulla
- above it lips diverge to form
- boundaries of triangular area
- lower part of 4th ventricle
- Upper Open part
- Posterior median sulcus; dorsal median sulcus
- either side of sulcus
- more laterally and obliquely continuation of sulcus limitans of pons
- from stria medullares
- sulcus limitans converges towards the upper end of lower medulla
- depression at sides on sulcus limitans
- inferior fovea
- it divides it in to two areas
- hypoglossal triangle
- vagal triangle
- between vagal triangle and gracile tubercle
- area postrema
- function as chemoreceptor
- ependymal thickening
- funiculus separans
- separates both vagal triangle and area postrema
- lowermost point is called obex
- Lower Closed Part
- either side of sulcus
- 3 longitudinal elevations ( medial to lateral )
- fasciculus gracilis
- upper end expand to form gracile tubercle due to
- nucleus gracilis
- fasciculus cuneatus
- upper end expand to form cuneate tubercle due to
- nucleus cuneatus
- Tuber cinerum
- caused by spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve
- inferior cerebellar peduncle
- INTERNAL FEATURES OF MEDULLA
- At the level of decussation of pyramids
- POSTERIORLY
- narrow strips nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus
- posterior horn
- apex gets swollen to form
- nucleus of spinal tract of trigeminal nerve
- it is upward continuation of substantia gelatinosa of spinal cord
- posterior horn capped in white matter by
- fibers of spinal tract of trigeminal nerve
- runs backwards and laterally across midline ( from anterior to posterior )
- to reach lateral side
- ANTERIORLY
- detached anterior horn divides to form
- spinal nucleus of accessory nerve
- supraspinal nucleus of first cervical nerve
- continuous above with hypoglossal nucleus
- nucleus of accessory nerve
- extends downwards up to 5th cervical segment
- LATERALLY
- in white column diffused network of fibers
- reticular formation
- At the level of decussation of medial lemnisci ( or Sensory decussation )
- ANTERIORLY
- lower part of inferior olivary nucleus
- pyramid
- POSTERIORLY
- posterior white column
- fibers of fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus
- nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus are well seen and demarcated
- separated from central grey matter
- CENTRALLY
- central grey matter contains
- ventromedial
- hypoglossal nucleus
- dorsolateral
- dorsal nucleus of vagus
- dorsolateral
- nucleus of tractus solitarius
- SIDES
- Dorsolateral to cuneate nucleus
- accessory cuneate nucleus
- receives lateral fibers (derived from cervical segments of cord ) of fasciculus cuneatus
- gives rise to posterior external arcuate fibres
- through inferior cerebellar peduncle
- proprioceptive impulse to cerebellum
- same side
- spinal nucleus and tract of trigeminal nerve lies laterally side of cuneate nucleus
- Ventrolateral
- medial longitudinal bundle lies posterior to medial lemniscus
- spinocerebellar and lateral spinothalamic tract
- SENSORY DECUSSATION (POSTERIOR TO ANTERIOR )
- Arising from nucleus gracilis and cuneatus
- internal arcuate fibers
- course forward and medially around central grey matter
- decussate with opposite fibers in median plane
- ascend upwards as MEDIAL LEMNISCUS on opposite side
- most medial fibers come to lie anteriorly
- feet and leg
- relay in to the thalamus
- At the level of Olives ( across the floor of fourth ventricle )
- central grey matter is spread and broken
- over floor of fourth ventricle
- medial to lateral
- posteriorly
- hypoglossal nucleus
- nucleus intermedius
- dorsal nucleus of vagus
- vestibular nucleus
- middle or intermediate
- nucleus ambiguus
- gives origin to 9 , 10 , 11
- paramedian region ( either side of midline - from posterior to anterior)
- median longitudinal fasciculus
- tectospinal tract
- medial lemniscus
- corticospinal tract
- laterally
- dorsal to ventral
- inferior cerebellar peduncle
- dorsal accessory olivary nucleus
- medial accessory olivary nucleus
- inferior olivary nucleus
- anteromedially
- arcuate nuclei
- At the level just inferior to pons
- lateral vestibular nucleus replaces inferior vestibular nucleus
- cochlear nucleus
- MYELENCEPHALON; MEDULLA OBLONGATA; BULB
- Pre-olivary groove
- Lateral funiculus
- Inferior olive
- Anterior external arcuate fibres; ventral external arcuate fibres
- Retro-olivary groove
- Retro-olivary area
- Inferior cerebellar peduncle
- Restiform body
- Trigeminal tubercle
- Cuneate fasciculus Budach
- Cuneate tubercle
- Gracile fasciculus Goll
- Gracile tubercle
- Obex
- <fc #008080>White substance</fc>
- Pyramidal tract
- Corticospinal fibres
- Bulbar corticonuclear fibres
- Corticoreticular fibres
- Decussation of pyramids; motor decussation
- Gracile fasciculus Goll
- Cuneate fasciculus Budach
- Internal arcuate fibres
- Decussation of medial lemniscus; sensory decussation
- Medial lemniscus
- Tectospinal tract
- Medial longitudinal fasciculus
- Posterior longitudinal fasciculus; dorsal longitudinal fasciculus Schütz
- Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve
- Amiculum of olive
- Spino-olivary tract Helweg
- Olivocerebellar tract
- Inferior cerebellar peduncle
- Juxtarestiform body
- Restiform body
- Solitary tract
- Anterior external arcuate fibres; ventral external arcuate fibres
- Posterior external arcuate fibres; dorsal external arcuate fibres
- Raphe of medulla oblongata
- Anterior raphespinal tract
- Anterior reticulospinal tract; ventral reticulospinal tract
- Anterior spinocerebellar tract; ventral spinocerebellar tract Gowers
- Hypothalamospinal fibres
- Interstitiospinal tract
- Lateral raphespinal tract
- Lateral bulboreticulospinal tract
- Medullary reticulospinal fibres
- Lateral vestibulospinal tract
- Posterior spinocerebellar tract; dorsal spinocerebellar tract Flechsig
- Cuneocerebellar fibres
- Rubrobulbar tract
- Rubro-olivary tract
- Rubrospinal tract Monakow
- Spinal lemniscus; anterolateral tracts; anterolateral system
- Spinothalamic fibres
- Spinoreticular fibres
- Spinomesencephalic fibres
- Spinotectal fibres
- Spinoperiaqueductal fibres
- Spinohypothalamic fibres
- Spinobulbar fibres
- Spino-olivary fibres
- Spinovestibular tract
- Tectobulbar tract
- <fc #008080>Grey substance</fc>
- Gracile nucleus
- Central part; cell nest region
- Rostral part; shell region
- Rostrodorsal subnucleus; cell group z
- Cuneate nucleus
- Central part; cell nest region
- Rostral part; shell region
- Accessory cuneate nucleus Monakow
- Preaccessory cuneate nucleus; cell group x
- Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve
- Caudal part
- Zonal subnucleus
- Gelatinous sugnucleus
- Mergocellular subnucleus
- Interpolar part
- Retrotrigeminal nucleus
- Retrofacial nucleus
- Inferior olivary complex
- Principal olivary nucleus
- Dorsal lamella
- Ventral lamella
- Lateral lamella
- Hilum of inferior olivary nucleus
- Posterior accessory olivary nucleus; dorsal accessory olivary nucleus
- Medial accessory olivary nucleus
- Nucleus of hypoglossal nerve
- Posterior paramedian nucleus; dorsal paramedian nucleus
- Posterior nucleus of vagus nerve; dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve
- Nuclei of solitary tract; solitary nuclei
- Parasolitary nucleus
- Commissural nucleus
- Gelatinous solitary nucleus
- Intermediate solitary nucleus
- Interstitial solitary nucleus
- Medial solitary nucleus
- Paracommissural solitary nucleus
- Posterior solitary nucleus; dorsal solitary nucleus
- Posterolateral solitary nucleus; dorsolateral solitary nucleus
- Anterior solitary nucleus; ventral solitary nucleus
- Anterolateral solitary nucleus; ventrolateral solitary nucleus
- Vestibular nuclei
- Inferior vestibular nucleus
- Magnocellular part of inferior vestibular nucleus; cell group f
- Medial vestibular nucleus Schwalbe
- Marginal nucleus of restiform body; cell group y
- Cochlear nuclei
- Posterior cochlear nucleus; dorsal cochlear nucleus
- Anterior cochlear nucleus; ventral cochlear nucleus
- Anterior part
- Posterior part
- Commissural nucleus of vagus nerve
- Nucleus ambiguus
- Retro-ambiguus nucleus
- Inferior salivatory nucleus
- Arcuate nucleus
- Raphe nuclei
- Area postrema
- Endolemniscal nucleus
- Medial pericuneate nucleus
- Lateral pericuneate nucleus
- Perihypoglossal nuclei
- Peritrigeminal nucleus
- Pontobulbar nucleus
- Supraspinal nucleus
- Reticular nuclei
- Gigantocellular reticular nucleus
- Pars alpha
- Anterior gigantocellular reticular nucleus; ventral gigantocellular reticular nucleus
- Lateral paragigantocellular reticular nucleus
- Interfascicullar nucleus of hypoglossal nerve
- Intermediate reticular nucleus
- Lateral reticular nucleus
- Magnocellular part
- Parvocellular part
- Subtrigeminal part
- Parvocellular reticular nucleus
- Posterior paragigantocellular reticular nucleus; dorsal paragigantocellular reticular nucleus
- Central reticular nucleus
- Dorsal part
- Ventral part
- Medial reticular nucleus
- Raphe nuclei
- Obscurus raphe nucleus
- Pallidal raphe nucleus
- Magnus raphe nucleus
| 208 | MYELENCEPHALON; MEDULLA OBLONGATA; BULBUS | MYELENCEPHALON; MEDULLA OBLONGATA; BULB | ||
| 209 | Fissura mediana anterior | Anterior median fissure; ventral median fissure | ||
| 210 | Foramen caecum medullae oblongatae | Foramen caecum of medulla oblongata | ||
| 211 | Pyramis medullae oblongatae; pyramis bulbi | Pyramid | ||
| 212 | Decussatio pyramidum | Decussation of pyramids; motor decussation | ||
| 213 | Sulcus anterolateralis | Anterolateral sulcus; ventrolateral sulcus | ||
| 214 | Sulcus preolivaris | Pre-olivary groove | ||
| 215 | Funiculus lateralis | Lateral funiculus | ||
| 216 | Oliva | Inferior olive | ||
| 217 | Fibrae arcuatae externae anteriores | Anterior external arcuate fibres; ventral external arcuate fibres | ||
| 218 | Sulcus retroolivaris | Retro-olivary groove | ||
| 219 | Area retroolivaris | Retro-olivary area | ||
| 220 | Sulcus posterolateralis | Posterolateral sulcus; dorsolateral sulcus | ||
| 221 | Pedunculus cerebellaris inferior | Inferior cerebellar peduncle | ||
| 222 | Corpus restiforme | Restiform body | ||
| 223 | Tuberculum trigeminale | Trigeminal tubercle | ||
| 224 | Fasciculus cuneatus Budach | Cuneate fasciculus Budach | ||
| 225 | Tuberculum cuneatum | Cuneate tubercle | ||
| 226 | Fasciculus gracilis Goll | Gracile fasciculus Goll | ||
| 227 | Tuberculum gracile | Gracile tubercle | ||
| 228 | Sulcus medianus posterior | Posterior median sulcus; dorsal median sulcus | ||
| 229 | Obex | Obex | ||
| 230 | Substantia alba | White substance | ||
| 231 | Tractus pyramidalis | Pyramidal tract | ||
| 232 | Fibrae corticospinales | Corticospinal fibres | ||
| 233 | Fibrae corticonucleares bulbi | Bulbar corticonuclear fibres | ||
| 234 | Fibrae corticoreticulares | Corticoreticular fibres | ||
| 235 | Decussatio pyramidum | Decussation of pyramids; motor decussation | ||
| 236 | Fasciculus gracilis Goll | Gracile fasciculus Goll | ||
| 237 | Fasciculus cuneatus Budach | Cuneate fasciculus Budach | ||
| 238 | Fibrae arcuatae internae | Internal arcuate fibres | ||
| 239 | Decussatio lemnisci medialis | Decussation of medial lemniscus; sensory decussation | ||
| 240 | Lemniscus medialis | Medial lemniscus | ||
| 241 | Tractus tectospinalis | Tectospinal tract | ||
| 242 | Fasciculus longitudinalis medialis | Medial longitudinal fasciculus | ||
| 243 | Fasciculus longitudinalis posterior; fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis Schütz | Posterior longitudinal fasciculus; dorsal longitudinal fasciculus Schütz | ||
| 244 | Tractus spinalis nervi trigemini | Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve | ||
| 245 | Amiculum olivare | Amiculum of olive | ||
| 246 | Tractus spinoolivaris Helweg | Spino-olivary tract Helweg | ||
| 247 | Tractus olivocerebellaris | Olivocerebellar tract | ||
| 248 | Pedunculus cerebellaris inferior | Inferior cerebellar peduncle | ||
| 249 | Corpus juxtarestiforme | Juxtarestiform body | ||
| 250 | Corpus restiforme | Restiform body | ||
| 251 | Tractus solitarius | Solitary tract | ||
| 252 | Fibrae arcuatae externae anteriores | Anterior external arcuate fibres; ventral external arcuate fibres | ||
| 253 | Fibrae arcuatae externae posteriores | Posterior external arcuate fibres; dorsal external arcuate fibres | ||
| 254 | Raphe medullae oblongatae | Raphe of medulla oblongata | ||
| 255 | Tractus raphespinalis anterior | Anterior raphespinal tract | ||
| 256 | Tractus reticulospinalis anterior | Anterior reticulospinal tract; ventral reticulospinal tract | ||
| 257 | Tractus spinocerebellaris anterior Gowers | Anterior spinocerebellar tract; ventral spinocerebellar tract Gowers | ||
| 258 | Fibrae hypothalamospinales | Hypothalamospinal fibres | ||
| 259 | Tractus interstitiospinalis | Interstitiospinal tract | ||
| 260 | Tractus raphespinalis lateralis | Lateral raphespinal tract | ||
| 261 | Tractus bulboreticulospinalis lateralis | Lateral bulboreticulospinal tract | ||
| 262 | Fibrae medulloreticulospinales | Medullary reticulospinal fibres | ||
| 263 | Tractus vestibulospinalis lateralis | Lateral vestibulospinal tract | ||
| 264 | Tractus spinocerebellaris posterior Flechsig | Posterior spinocerebellar tract; dorsal spinocerebellar tract Flechsig | ||
| 265 | Fibrae cuneocerebellares | Cuneocerebellar fibres | ||
| 266 | Tractus rubrobulbaris | Rubrobulbar tract | ||
| 267 | Tractus rubroolivaris | Rubro-olivary tract | ||
| 268 | Tractus rubrospinalis Monakow | Rubrospinal tract Monakow | ||
| 269 | Lemniscus spinalis; tractus anterolaterales | Spinal lemniscus; anterolateral tracts; anterolateral system | ||
| 270 | Fibrae spinothalamicae | Spinothalamic fibres | ||
| 271 | Fibrae spinoreticulares | Spinoreticular fibres | ||
| 272 | Fibrae spinomesencephalicae | Spinomesencephalic fibres | ||
| 273 | Fibrae spinotectales | Spinotectal fibres | ||
| 274 | Fibrae spinoperiaqueductales | Spinoperiaqueductal fibres | ||
| 275 | Fibrae spinohypothalamicae | Spinohypothalamic fibres | ||
| 276 | Fibrae spinobulbares | Spinobulbar fibres | ||
| 277 | Fibrae spinoolivares | Spino-olivary fibres | ||
| 278 | Tractus spinovestibularis | Spinovestibular tract | ||
| 279 | Tractus tectobulbaris | Tectobulbar tract | ||
| 280 | Substantia grisea | Grey substance | ||
| 281 | Nucleus gracilis | Gracile nucleus | ||
| 282 | Pars centralis | Central part; cell nest region | ||
| 283 | Pars rostralis | Rostral part; shell region | ||
| 284 | Subnucleus rostrodorsalis | Rostrodorsal subnucleus; cell group z | ||
| 285 | Nucleus cuneatus | Cuneate nucleus | ||
| 286 | Pars centralis | Central part; cell nest region | ||
| 287 | Pars rostralis | Rostral part; shell region | ||
| 288 | Nucleus cuneatus accessorius Monakow | Accessory cuneate nucleus Monakow | ||
| 289 | Nucleus precuneatus accessorius | Preaccessory cuneate nucleus; cell group x | ||
| 290 | Nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini | Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve | ||
| 291 | Pars caudalis | Caudal part | ||
| 292 | Subnucleus zonalis | Zonal subnucleus | ||
| 293 | Subnucleus gelatinosus | Gelatinous sugnucleus | ||
| 294 | Subnucleus magnocellularis | Mergocellular subnucleus | ||
| 295 | Pars interpolaris | Interpolar part | ||
| 296 | Nucleus retrotrigeminalis | Retrotrigeminal nucleus | ||
| 297 | Nucleus retrofacialis | Retrofacial nucleus | ||
| 298 | Complexus olivaris inferior; nuclei olivares inferiores | Inferior olivary complex | ||
| 299 | Nucleus olivaris principalis | Principal olivary nucleus | ||
| 300 | Lamella posterior | Dorsal lamella | ||
| 301 | Lamella anterior | Ventral lamella | ||
| 302 | Lamella lateralis | Lateral lamella | ||
| 303 | Hilum nuclei olivaris inferioris | Hilum of inferior olivary nucleus | ||
| 304 | Nucleus olivaris accessorius posterior | Posterior accessory olivary nucleus; dorsal accessory olivary nucleus | ||
| 305 | Nucleus olivaris accessorius medialis | Medial accessory olivary nucleus | ||
| 306 | Nucleus nervi hypoglossi | Nucleus of hypoglossal nerve | ||
| 307 | Nucleus paramedianus posterior | Posterior paramedian nucleus; dorsal paramedian nucleus | ||
| 308 | Nucleus posterior nervi vagi; nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi | Posterior nucleus of vagus nerve; dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve | ||
| 309 | Nuclei tractus solitarii | Nuclei of solitary tract; solitary nuclei | ||
| 310 | Nucleus parasolitarius | Parasolitary nucleus | ||
| 311 | Nucleus commissuralis | Commissural nucleus | ||
| 312 | Nucleus gelatinosus solitarius | Gelatinous solitary nucleus | ||
| 313 | Nucleus intermedius solitarius | Intermediate solitary nucleus | ||
| 314 | Nucleus interstitialis solitarius | Interstitial solitary nucleus | ||
| 315 | Nucleus medialis solitarius | Medial solitary nucleus | ||
| 316 | Nucleus paracommissuralis solitarius | Paracommissural solitary nucleus | ||
| 317 | Nucleus solitarius posterior | Posterior solitary nucleus; dorsal solitary nucleus | ||
| 318 | Nucleus solitarius posterolateralis | Posterolateral solitary nucleus; dorsolateral solitary nucleus | ||
| 319 | Nucleus solitarius anterior | Anterior solitary nucleus; ventral solitary nucleus | ||
| 320 | Nucleus solitarius anterolateralis | Anterolateral solitary nucleus; ventrolateral solitary nucleus | ||
| 321 | Nuclei vestibulares | Vestibular nuclei | ||
| 322 | Nucleus vestibularis inferior | Inferior vestibular nucleus | ||
| 323 | Pars magnocellularis nuclei vestibularis inferioris | Magnocellular part of inferior vestibular nucleus; cell group f | ||
| 324 | Nucleus vestibularis medialis Schwalbe | Medial vestibular nucleus Schwalbe | ||
| 325 | Nucleus marginalis corporis restiformis | Marginal nucleus of restiform body; cell group y | ||
| 326 | Nuclei cochleares | Cochlear nuclei | ||
| 327 | Nucleus cochlearis posterior | Posterior cochlear nucleus; dorsal cochlear nucleus | ||
| 328 | Nucleus cochlearis anterior | Anterior cochlear nucleus; ventral cochlear nucleus | ||
| 329 | Pars anterior | Anterior part | ||
| 330 | Pars posterior | Posterior part | ||
| 331 | Nucleus commissuralis nervi vagi | Commissural nucleus of vagus nerve | ||
| 332 | Nucleus ambiguus | Nucleus ambiguus | ||
| 333 | Nucleus retroambiguus | Retro-ambiguus nucleus | ||
| 334 | Nucleus salivatorius inferior | Inferior salivatory nucleus | ||
| 335 | Nucleus arcuatus | Arcuate nucleus | ||
| 336 | Nuclei raphes | Raphe nuclei | ||
| 337 | Area postrema | Area postrema | ||
| 338 | Nucleus endolemniscalis | Endolemniscal nucleus | ||
| 339 | Nucleus pericuneatus medialis | Medial pericuneate nucleus | ||
| 340 | Nucleus pericuneatus lateralis | Lateral pericuneate nucleus | ||
| 341 | Nuclei perihypoglossales | Perihypoglossal nuclei | ||
| 342 | Nucleus subhypoglossalis Roller | Subhypoglossal nucleus Roller | ||
| 343 | Nucleus intercalatus Staderini | Intercalated nucleus Staderini | ||
| 344 | Nucleus prepositus | Prepositus nucleus | ||
| 345 | Nucleus peritrigeminalis | Peritrigeminal nucleus | ||
| 346 | Nucleus pontobulbaris | Pontobulbar nucleus | ||
| 347 | Nucleus supraspinalis | Supraspinal nucleus | ||
| 348 | Nuclei reticulares | Reticular nuclei | ||
| 349 | Nucleus gigantocellularis | Gigantocellular reticular nucleus | ||
| 350 | Pars alpha | Pars alpha | ||
| 351 | Nucleus gigantocellularis anterior | Anterior gigantocellular reticular nucleus; ventral gigantocellular reticular nucleus | ||
| 352 | Nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis | Lateral paragigantocellular reticular nucleus | ||
| 353 | Nucleus interfascicularis nervi hypoglossi | Interfascicullar nucleus of hypoglossal nerve | ||
| 354 | Nucleus reticularis intermedius | Intermediate reticular nucleus | ||
| 355 | Nucleus reticularis lateralis | Lateral reticular nucleus | ||
| 356 | Pars magnocellularis | Magnocellular part | ||
| 357 | Pars parvocellularis | Parvocellular part | ||
| 358 | Pars subtrigeminalis | Subtrigeminal part | ||
| 359 | Nucleus reticularis parvocellularis | Parvocellular reticular nucleus | ||
| 360 | Nucleus paragigantocellularis posterior | Posterior paragigantocellular reticular nucleus; dorsal paragigantocellular reticular nucleus | ||
| 361 | Nucleus reticularis centralis | Central reticular nucleus | ||
| 362 | Pars dorsalis | Dorsal part | ||
| 363 | Pars ventralis | Ventral part | ||
| 364 | Nucleus reticularis medialis | Medial reticular nucleus | ||
| 365 | Nuclei raphes | Raphe nuclei | ||
| 366 | Nucleus raphes obscurus | Obscurus raphe nucleus | ||
| 367 | Nucleus raphe pallidus | Pallidal raphe nucleus | ||
| 368 | Nucleus raphe magnus | Magnus raphe nucleus |