CHROMOSOME NUMBER

जीवग्रंथ सूत्र दोष
- based on sets
  - haploid ( 22+x , 22+y )
  - diploid ( 46 chromosomes - 44 + xx)
  - triploid ( 69 chromosomes)
  - teraploid ( 92 chromosomes )
  - polyploid
- based on number of chromosomes in a particular pair
  - missing chromosome from a pair
    - monosomy
      - monosomy of X chromosome
        
        turner syndrome
  - extra chromosome in a pair
    - trisomy
      - trisomy of chromosome 21
        
        down syndrome
        
        46 + XY or 46 + XX
        
        patau syndrome
        
        edwards syndrome
      - trisomy of sex chromosomes
        
        klinefelter syndrome
  - two extrachromosomes in a pair
    - tetrasomy

strands of knowledge material called as CHROMATIN
- sex chromatin or barr body also called lyonization
  - inactive X chromosome
    - if two X chromosomes are present one becomes inactive
      - hence female contains one barr body
    - if three XXX are present - 2 barr bodies will be seen
knowledge material being grouped and arranged in the form of
- आनुवंशिक रूप ( genotype / gender )
  - प्राकृतिक लिंग ( natural genotype / natural knowledge of body )
    - स्त्रीलिंग ( female genotype / knowledge of female)
    - पुल्लिंग ( male genotype / knowledge of male )
  - अप्राकृतिक ( unnatural / unnatural knowledge of body)
    - उभयलिंग ( bisexual)
    - अर्धस्त्रीलिंग ( half female )
    - अर्धपुरुषलिंग ( half male )
- Based on ploidy or number of pairs
  - haploid
  - triploid
  - polyploid
  - द्विगणित (diploid)
- Based on nature of pairs being similar or dissimilar
  - विषमयुग्मज (heterozygous)
    - विषमजात गुणसूत्र / लिंगिक गुणसूत्र (allosomes / Sex chromosome)
      - X - गुणसूत्र / स्त्रीलिङ्ग गुणसूत्र ( अ , इ , उ )
      - Y - गुणसूत्र / पुल्लिंग गुणसूत्र ( अ , इ , उ )
  - सम्युग्मक (homozygous)
    - समजात गुणसूत्र (Autosomes)