HIP JOINT

• Hip joint
  • Type
    • Ball and socket type
  • Articular surfaces
    • Head of femur
      • Forms more than half a sphere
      • Covered with hyaline cartilage
        • Except at fovea
    • Acetabulum of hip joint
      • Horse shoe shaped
        • Lunate articular surface
        • Covered with cartilage
      • Acetabular notch
      • Acetabular fossa
  • Special features
    • High degree of stability and mobility
    • Strength depends upon
      • Depth of acetabulum
    • Narrowing of mouth by acetabular labrum
    • Tension and strength of ligaments
    • Strength of surrounding muscles
    • Length and obliquity of neck of femur
    • Atmospheric pressure
  • Ligaments
    • names in brief
      • Fibrous capsule
      • Iliofemoral ligament
      • Pubofemoral ligament
      • Ischiofemoral ligament
      • Ligament of head of femur
      • Acetabular labrum
      • Transverse acetabular ligament
    • Names in detail
      • 1. Fibrous capsule
        • Attached
          • Acetabular labrum
          • Transverse acetabular ligament
          • Bone above and behind acetabulum
          • Infront
            • On femur to intertrochanteric line
          • Behind
            • 1cm medial to intertrochanteric crest
          • Pubofemoral ligament and vertical band of iliofemoral ligament
      • 2. Iliofemoral ligament
        • Called as ligament of Bigelow
        • Strongest ligaments
        • Prevents trunk from falling backward in standing posture
      • Shape
        • Inverted Y shape
        • Triangular in shape
        • Apex
          • attached to Lower half of AIIS
        • Base
          • To intertrochanteric line
      • Fibers
        • Upper oblique - thick
        • Middle - thin and weak
        • Lower vertical - thick and strong band
      • Pubofemoral ligament
        • Supports joint
        • Inferomedially
        • Triangular in shape
        • Attached
          • Superiorly to
            • Iliopubic eminence
            • Obturator crest
            • Obturator membrane
          • Inferiorly
            • Merges with anteroinferior part of capsule
            • Lower band of iliofemoral ligament
      • Ischio-femoral ligament
        • Weak
        • Covers joint posteriorly
        • Fibers
          • Twisted
          • Form zona orbicularis
        • Attached
          • Ischium to acetabulum
      • Ligament of head of femur
        • Synonym
          • Round ligament, ligamentum teres
        • Shape
          • Flat , triangular
        • Attachment
          • Apex to fovea capitis
          • Base to transverse ligament and to margins of acetabular notch
          • Thin , even absent
        • Transmits
          • Arteries to head of femur
            • from acetabular branches of obturator and medial circumflex femoral arteries
      • Acetabular labrum
        • Fibrocartilaginous rim
          • Margins of acetabulum
            • Helps in holding femur in position
      • Transverse ligament
        • Part of acetabular labrum
          • Bridges acetabular notch
            • Converted to a foramen
              • Acetabular vessel and nerves
  • Relations
    • Anterior
    • Posterior
    • Superior
    • Inferior
  • Blood supply
    • Obturator artery
    • Two circumflex femoral
      • Arterial circle around capsular attachment
    • Two gluteal
  • Nerve supply
    • Femoral nerve
      • Through nerve to rectus Femoris
    • Anterior division of obturator nerve
    • Nerve to quadratus Femoris
    • Superior gluteal nerve
  • Movements

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