CARBOHYDRATE STRUCTURE

organic compounds form lengthy chains and bonds — functional groups —————– aldehyde (-CHO) ,, alcohol(-OH),,, ,ketones,, carboxylic acids BASED ON NO OF CARBON ATOMS — 1C- methyl 2C - ethyl 3C - propyl 4C - butyl 5C - pentyl (5 symbols – placed linearly)

• Carbohydrates (Polysaccharide )
  • Disaccharides
    • Monosaccharides (Glucose )

the number glucose is a hexose — with 6 carbons (the smallest unit of carbohydrates = 6 glucose) Natural saccharides are generally built of simple carbohydrates called monosaccharides with general formula (CH2O)n where n is three or more.

• suffixes for carbohydrates
  • ending with -ose
    • dioses
      • glycoaldehyde
    • trioses
      • glyceraldehyde
      • dihydroxy acetone
    • tetroses
      • erythrose
      • erythrulose
      • Threose
    • pentose
      • ribose
      • deoxyribose
      • xylose
      • arabinose
    • hexose
      • glucose
      • Fructose
      • galactose
      • mannose
    • heptose
      • sedoheptulose
      • glucoheptose
  • disaccharides
    • sucrose
    • lactose
    • maltose
  • oligosaccharides
    • trisaccharide
      • raffinose
    • tetrasaccharides
      • stachyose
    • pentasaccharides
      • verbascose
  • polysaccharide
    • starch
    • glycogen
    • dextrin
    • dextran
    • inulin
    • cellulose