Basal ganglia

BASAL GANGLIA
- Situation
  - lateral to thalamus
- Parts
  - divided by a band of nerve fibers internal capsule in to
    - Caudate nucleus (neostriatum / striatum)
    - Lentiform nucleus
      - dark lateral part
        
        putamen ( neostriatum / striatum)
      - medial paler part
        
        globus pallidus ( also called paleostriatum / pallidum )
    - Anteroinferior ends of these nuclei
      - remain connected by a few bands of grey matter
        
        across anterior limb of internal capsule
      - these bands give it a striated appearance
        
        corpus striatum
- Detailed Parts
  - Caudate nucleus
    - shape
      - comma shaped mass of grey matter
        
        Round anterior part in front of interventricular foramen is called
        
        head
        
        large and rounded
        
        forms floor and lateral wall of anterior horn of lateral ventricle
        
        bands of grey matter connect it to putamen
        
        across anterior limb of internal capsule
        
        middle part
        
        head tapers in to body
        
        long and narrow
        
        forms floor of central part of lateral ventricle
        
        separated from thalamus by
        
        stria terminalis and thalamostriate vein
        
        posterior
        
        tail
        
        merges at its anterior extremity with almond shaped mas of grey matter
        
        amygdaloid body
        
        long and slender
        
        forms roof of inferior horn of lateral ventricle
    - situation and extent
      - surrounds thalamus
      - itself is surrounded by lateral ventricle
  - Lentiform nucleus
    - shape
      - lens shaped ( biconvex) mass of grey matter
    - situation
      - beneath insula
      - forming lateral boundary of internal capsule
    - 3 surfaces
      - lateral surface
        
        convex
        
        related to thin sheet of white matter
        
        external capsule
        
        grooved by
        
        lateral striate arteries ( central branches of middle cerebral artery)
      - medial surface
        
        more convex
        
        related to internal capsule ( limbs and genu )
      - inferior surface
        
        related to sub lentiform part of internal capsule
        
        lies close to anterior perforated substance
    - parts
      - a vertical plate of white matter ( external medullary lamina ) divides it in to
        
        putamen
        
        globus pallidus
        
        smaller medial part
        
        lighter in colour
        
        consists large motor cells
        
        also called pallidum
        
        further subdivided by internal medullary lamina in to
        
        outer part or externa
        
        inner part or interna
    - Connections of corpus striatum
      - Afferent connections
        
        Corticostriate fibers
        
        Thalamostriate fibers
        
        Nigrostriate Fibers
      - Efferent connections
        
        Globus pallidus is the main efferent component

Dorsal pallidum ( dorsal ballplate )
Ventral pallidum ( ventral ball plate )
Caudate nucleus ( )
Substantia nigra ( black substance )
corpus striatum (striped body )
lentiform nucleus ( lens shaped nucleus )
putamen
paleostriatum ( old striped body
Neostriatum ( new striped body )
amygdaloid body ( almond body )
claustrum

1198	Pars basalis telencephali	Basal forebrain
1199	Corpus amygdaloideum	Amygdaloid body; amygdaloid complex
1200	Area amygdaloclaustralis	Amygdaloclaustral area
1201	Area parahippocampalis	Amygdalohippocampal area
1202	Area transitionis amygdalopiriformis	Amygdalopiriform transition area
1203	Area amygdaloidea anterior	Anterior amygdaloid area
1204	Nucleus amygdalae basalis lateralis	Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus
1205	Nucleus amygdalae basalis medialis	Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus
1206	Nucleus amygdalae centralis	Central amygdaloid nucleus
1207	Nucleus amygdalae corticalis	Cortical amygdaloid nucleus
1208	Nucleus amygdalae interstitialis	Interstitial amygdaloid nucleus
1209	Nucleus amygdalae lateralis	Lateral amygdaloid nucleus
1210	Nucleus amygdalae medialis	Medial amygdaloid nucleus
1211	Nucleus tractus olfactorii lateralis	Nucleus of lateral olfactory tract
1212	Cortex periamygdaloideus	Periamygdaloid cortex
1213	Nucleus olfactorius anterior	Anterior olfactory nucleus
1214	Substantia basalis	Basal substance
1215	Nucleus basalis Meynert	Basal nucleus Meynert
1216	Nucleus striae terminalis	Bed nucleus of stria terminalis
1217	Pars sublenticularis amygdalae	Sublenticular extended amygdala
1218	Claustrum	Claustrum
1219	Stria diagonalis Broca	Diagonal band Broca
1220	Crus horizontale	Horizontal limb
1221	Crus verticale	Vertical limb
1222	Nucleus striae diagonalis	Nucleus of diagonal band
1223	Substantia innominata	Innominate substance
1224	Fasciculus peduncularis	Fasciculus peduncularis
1225	Insulae olfactoriae	Olfactory islets
1226	Bulbus olfactorius	Olfactory bulb
1227	Pedunculus olfactorius	Olfactory peduncle
1228	Tractus olfactorius	Olfactory tract
1229	Trigonum olfactorium	Olfactory trigone
1230	Tuberculum olfactorium	Olfactory tubercle
1231	Striae olfactoriae	Olfactory striae
1232	Stria olfactoria medialis	Medial stria
1233	Stria olfactoria lateralis	Lateral stria
1234	Substantia perforata anterior; substantia perforata rostralis	Anterior perforated substance
1235	Pallidum ventrale	Ventral pallidum
1236	Striatum ventrale; corpus striatum ventrale	Ventral striatum
1237	Nucleus accumbens	Nucleus accumbens
1238	Pars lateralis	Lateral part; core region
1239	Pars medialis	Medial part; shell region
1240	Ansa peduncularis	Peduncular loop
1241	Area septalis	Septal area
1242	Nucleus septalis dorsalis	Dorsal septal nucleus
1243	Nucleus septalis lateralis	Lateral septal nucleus
1244	Nucleus septalis medialis	Medial septal nucleus
1245	Nucleus septofimbrialis	Septofimbrial nucleus
1246	Nucleus triangularis septi	Triangular nucleus of septum
1247	Organum subfornicale	Subfornical organ
1248	Nuclei basales	Basal nuclei
1249	Nucleus caudatus	Caudate nucleus
1250	Caput	Head
1251	Corpus	Body
1252	Cauda	Tail
1253	Nucleus lentiformis	Lentiform nucleus; lenticular nucleus
1254	Putamen	Putamen
1255	Lamina medullaris lateralis; lamina medullaris externa	Lateral medullary lamina; external medullary lamina
1256	Globus pallidus lateralis	Globus pallidus lateral segment; globus pallidus external segment
1257	Lamina medullaris medialis; lamina medullaris interna	Medial medullary lamina; internal medullary lamina
1258	Globus pallidus medialis	Globus pallidus medial segment; globus pallidus internal segment
1259	Pars lateralis	Lateral part
1260	Lamina medullaris accessoria	Accessory medullary lamina
1261	Pars medialis	Medial part
1262	Corpus striatum	Corpus striatum
1263	Striatum	Striatum; neostriatum
1264	Striatum dorsale	Dorsal striatum
1265	Striatum ventrale; corpus striatum ventrale	Ventral striatum
1266	Pallidum	Pallidum; paleostriatum
1267	Pallidum dorsale	Dorsal pallidum
1268	Pallidum ventrale	Ventral pallidum
1269	Ansa lenticularis	Ansa lenticularis
1270	Fasciculus lenticularis	Lenticular fasciculus
1271	Fasciculus subthalamicus	Subthalamic fasciculus
1272	Fasciculus thalamicus	Thalamic fasciculus