en:basal_ganglia [Chapters]

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====== Basal ganglia  ======

  * BASAL GANGLIA 
    * Situation 
      * lateral to thalamus 
    * Parts 
      * divided by a band of nerve fibers internal capsule in to 
        * Caudate nucleus (neostriatum / striatum) 
        * Lentiform nucleus 
          * dark lateral part 
            * putamen ( neostriatum / striatum)
          * medial paler part 
            * globus pallidus  ( also called paleostriatum / pallidum ) 
        * Anteroinferior ends of these nuclei 
          * remain connected by a few bands of grey matter 
            * across anterior limb of internal capsule 
          * these bands give it a striated appearance 
            * corpus striatum 
    * Detailed Parts 
      * Caudate nucleus 
        * shape 
          * comma shaped mass of grey matter 
            * Round anterior part in front of interventricular foramen is called 
              * head 
                * large and rounded 
                * forms floor and lateral wall of anterior horn of lateral ventricle 
                * bands of grey matter connect it to putamen 
                  * across anterior limb of internal capsule
            * middle part 
              * head tapers in to body 
                * long and narrow 
                * forms floor of central part of lateral ventricle 
                * separated from thalamus by 
                  * stria terminalis and thalamostriate vein 
            * posterior 
              * tail 
                * merges at its anterior extremity with almond shaped mas of grey matter
                  * amygdaloid body 
                * long and slender 
                * forms roof of inferior horn of lateral ventricle  
        * situation and extent 
          * surrounds thalamus 
          * itself is surrounded by lateral ventricle 
      * Lentiform nucleus 
        * shape 
          * lens shaped ( biconvex) mass of grey matter 
        * situation 
          * beneath insula 
          * forming lateral boundary of internal capsule 
        * 3 surfaces 
          * lateral surface 
            * convex 
            * related to thin sheet of white matter 
              * external capsule 
            * grooved by 
              * lateral striate arteries ( central branches of middle cerebral artery)
          * medial surface 
            * more convex 
            * related to internal capsule ( limbs and genu )  
          * inferior surface 
            * related to sub lentiform part of internal capsule 
            * lies close to anterior perforated substance 
        * parts 
          * a vertical plate of white matter ( external medullary lamina ) divides it in to 
            * putamen
            * globus pallidus   
              * smaller medial part 
              * lighter in colour 
              * consists large motor cells 
              * also called pallidum 
                * further subdivided by internal medullary lamina in to 
                  * outer part or externa 
                  * inner part or interna 
        * Connections of corpus striatum 
          * Afferent connections 
            * Corticostriate fibers 
            * Thalamostriate fibers 
            * Nigrostriate Fibers
          * Efferent connections 
            * Globus pallidus is the main efferent component   






  * Dorsal pallidum ( dorsal ballplate ) 
  * Ventral pallidum ( ventral ball plate ) 
  * Caudate nucleus ( )
  * Substantia nigra ( black substance ) 
  * corpus striatum  (striped body ) 
  * lentiform nucleus ( lens shaped nucleus ) 
  * putamen 
  * paleostriatum ( old striped body 
  * Neostriatum ( new striped  body ) 
  * amygdaloid body ( almond body ) 
  * claustrum 
  * 







|	1198	|		|	Pars basalis telencephali	|	Basal forebrain	|		|
|	1199	|		|	Corpus amygdaloideum	|	Amygdaloid body; amygdaloid complex	|		|
|	1200	|		|	Area amygdaloclaustralis	|	Amygdaloclaustral area	|		|
|	1201	|		|	Area parahippocampalis	|	Amygdalohippocampal area	|		|
|	1202	|		|	Area transitionis amygdalopiriformis	|	Amygdalopiriform transition area	|		|
|	1203	|		|	Area amygdaloidea anterior	|	Anterior amygdaloid area	|		|
|	1204	|		|	Nucleus amygdalae basalis lateralis	|	Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus	|		|
|	1205	|		|	Nucleus amygdalae basalis medialis	|	Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus	|		|
|	1206	|		|	Nucleus amygdalae centralis	|	Central amygdaloid nucleus	|		|
|	1207	|		|	Nucleus amygdalae corticalis	|	Cortical amygdaloid nucleus	|		|
|	1208	|		|	Nucleus amygdalae interstitialis	|	Interstitial amygdaloid nucleus	|		|
|	1209	|		|	Nucleus amygdalae lateralis	|	Lateral amygdaloid nucleus	|		|
|	1210	|		|	Nucleus amygdalae medialis	|	Medial amygdaloid nucleus	|		|
|	1211	|		|	Nucleus tractus olfactorii lateralis	|	Nucleus of lateral olfactory tract	|		|
|	1212	|		|	Cortex periamygdaloideus	|	Periamygdaloid cortex	|		|
|	1213	|		|	Nucleus olfactorius anterior	|	Anterior olfactory nucleus	|		|
|	1214	|		|	Substantia basalis	|	Basal substance	|		|
|	1215	|		|	Nucleus basalis [[Meynert]]	|	Basal nucleus [[Meynert]]	|		|
|	1216	|		|	Nucleus striae terminalis	|	Bed nucleus of stria terminalis	|		|
|	1217	|		|	Pars sublenticularis amygdalae	|	Sublenticular extended amygdala	|		|
|	1218	|		|	Claustrum	|	Claustrum	|		|
|	1219	|		|	Stria diagonalis [[Broca]]	|	Diagonal band [[Broca]]	|		|
|	1220	|		|	Crus horizontale	|	Horizontal limb	|		|
|	1221	|		|	Crus verticale	|	Vertical limb	|		|
|	1222	|		|	Nucleus striae diagonalis	|	Nucleus of diagonal band	|		|
|	1223	|		|	Substantia innominata	|	Innominate substance	|		|
|	1224	|		|	Fasciculus peduncularis	|	Fasciculus peduncularis	|		|
|	1225	|		|	Insulae olfactoriae	|	Olfactory islets	|		|
|	1226	|		|	Bulbus olfactorius	|	Olfactory bulb	|		|
|	1227	|		|	Pedunculus olfactorius	|	Olfactory peduncle	|		|
|	1228	|		|	Tractus olfactorius	|	Olfactory tract	|		|
|	1229	|		|	Trigonum olfactorium	|	Olfactory trigone	|		|
|	1230	|		|	Tuberculum olfactorium	|	Olfactory tubercle	|		|
|	1231	|		|	Striae olfactoriae	|	Olfactory striae	|		|
|	1232	|		|	Stria olfactoria medialis	|	Medial stria	|		|
|	1233	|		|	Stria olfactoria lateralis	|	Lateral stria	|		|
|	1234	|		|	Substantia perforata anterior; substantia perforata rostralis	|	Anterior perforated substance	|		|
|	1235	|		|	Pallidum ventrale	|	Ventral pallidum	|		|
|	1236	|		|	Striatum ventrale; corpus striatum ventrale	|	Ventral striatum	|		|
|	1237	|		|	Nucleus accumbens	|	Nucleus accumbens	|		|
|	1238	|		|	Pars lateralis	|	Lateral part; core region	|		|
|	1239	|		|	Pars medialis	|	Medial part; shell region	|		|
|	1240	|		|	Ansa peduncularis	|	Peduncular loop	|		|
|	1241	|		|	Area septalis	|	Septal area	|		|
|	1242	|		|	Nucleus septalis dorsalis	|	Dorsal septal nucleus	|		|
|	1243	|		|	Nucleus septalis lateralis	|	Lateral septal nucleus	|		|
|	1244	|		|	Nucleus septalis medialis	|	Medial septal nucleus	|		|
|	1245	|		|	Nucleus septofimbrialis	|	Septofimbrial nucleus	|		|
|	1246	|		|	Nucleus triangularis septi	|	Triangular nucleus of septum	|		|
|	1247	|		|	Organum subfornicale	|	Subfornical organ	|		|
|	1248	|		|	Nuclei basales	|	Basal nuclei	|		|
|	1249	|		|	Nucleus caudatus	|	Caudate nucleus	|		|
|	1250	|		|	Caput	|	Head	|		|
|	1251	|		|	Corpus	|	Body	|		|
|	1252	|		|	Cauda	|	Tail	|		|
|	1253	|		|	Nucleus lentiformis	|	Lentiform nucleus; lenticular nucleus	|		|
|	1254	|		|	Putamen	|	Putamen	|		|
|	1255	|		|	Lamina medullaris lateralis; lamina medullaris externa	|	Lateral medullary lamina; external medullary lamina	|		|
|	1256	|		|	Globus pallidus lateralis	|	Globus pallidus lateral segment; globus pallidus external segment	|		|
|	1257	|		|	Lamina medullaris medialis; lamina medullaris interna	|	Medial medullary lamina; internal medullary lamina	|		|
|	1258	|		|	Globus pallidus medialis	|	Globus pallidus medial segment; globus pallidus internal segment	|		|
|	1259	|		|	Pars lateralis	|	Lateral part	|		|
|	1260	|		|	Lamina medullaris accessoria	|	Accessory medullary lamina	|		|
|	1261	|		|	Pars medialis	|	Medial part	|		|
|	1262	|		|	Corpus striatum	|	Corpus striatum	|		|
|	1263	|		|	Striatum	|	Striatum; neostriatum	|		|
|	1264	|		|	Striatum dorsale	|	Dorsal striatum	|		|
|	1265	|		|	Striatum ventrale; corpus striatum ventrale	|	Ventral striatum	|		|
|	1266	|		|	Pallidum	|	Pallidum; paleostriatum	|		|
|	1267	|		|	Pallidum dorsale	|	Dorsal pallidum	|		|
|	1268	|		|	Pallidum ventrale	|	Ventral pallidum	|		|
|	1269	|		|	Ansa lenticularis	|	Ansa lenticularis	|		|
|	1270	|		|	Fasciculus lenticularis	|	Lenticular fasciculus	|		|
|	1271	|		|	Fasciculus subthalamicus	|	Subthalamic fasciculus	|		|
|	1272	|		|	Fasciculus thalamicus	|	Thalamic fasciculus	|		|