PHARYNX
- PHARYNX
- Features
- wide muscular tube
- situated
- behind nose
- behind mouth
- behind larynx
- Parts
- upper part
- transmits only air
- widest and non collapsible
- middle part
- both air and food
- narrow
- lower part
- only food
- narrowest part of git ( except for vermiform appendix)
- Boundaries
- superiorly
- base of skull
- including posterior part of body of sphenoid
- basilar part of occipital bone infront of pharyngeal tubercle
- Inferiorly
- pharynx is continuous with the oesophagus
- at level of C6 vertebra
- corresponding to lower border of cricoid cartilage
- Posteriorly
- glides freely on prevertebral fascia
- Anteriorly
- communicates with nasal , oral cavity and larynx
- Structure
- mucosa
- submucosa
- pharyngobasilar fascia or pharyngeal aponeurosis
- fibrous sheet internal to pharyngeal muscles
- thickest in
- upper part
- fills the gap between upper border of superior constrictor and base of skull
- posteriorly
- forms pharyngeal raphe
- superiorly
- attached to basiocciput , petrous temporal bone , auditory tube
- inferiorly
- gradually lost deep to muscles
- hardly extend beyond superior constrictor
- Cavity of pharynx
- Nasopharynx
- Vault of pharynx
- Pharyngeal hypophysis
- Pharyngeal tonsil
- Tonsillar pits
- Tonsillar crypts
- Lymphoid nodules
- (Pharyngeal bursa)
- Pharyngeal opening of auditory tubae
- Torus tubarius
- Salpingopharyngeal fold
- Salpingophalatine fold
- Torus levatorius
- Tubal tonsil
- Pharyngeal recess Rosenmülleri
- Palatopharyngeal ridge
- Oropharynx
- Epiglottic vallecula
- Median glosso-epiglottic fold
- Lateral glosso-epiglottic fold
- Laryngopharynx; hypopharynx
- Situation and extent
- upper border or epiglottis to lower border of cricoid cartilage
- Walls
- anterior wall
- inlet of larynx
- posterior surface of cricoid and arytenoid cartilages
- posterior wall
- supported by c4 and c5 vertebra
- partly by c3 and c6 vertebra
- formed by three constrictors
- superior , middle and inferior
- lateral wall
- depression called as
- Piriform fossa; piriform recess on each side of inlet of larynx
- Fold of superior laryngeal nerve
- bounded
- medially by
- aryepiglottic fold
- laterally by
- thyroid cartilage and thyrohyoid membrane
- beneath mucosa of fossa
- internal laryngeal nerve
- Pharyngo-oesophageal constriction
- Pharyngobasilar fascia
- Submucosa
- Mucosa; mucous membrane
- Pharyngeal glands
- Pharyngeal muscles; muscle layer of pharynx
- Pharyngeal raphe
- Pterygomandibular raphe
- Superior constrictor
- Pterygopharyngeal part Passavanti
- Buccopharyngeal part
- Mylopharyngeal part
- Glossopharyngeal part
- Middle constrictor
- Chondropharyngeal part
- Ceratopharyngeal part
- Inferior constrictor
- Thyropharyngeal part; thyropharyngeus
- Cricopharyngeal part; cricopharyngeus
- Stylopharyngeus
- Salpingopharyngeus
- Palatopharyngeus
- Buccopharyngeal fascia
- Peripharyngeal space
- Retropharyngeal space
- Parapharyngeal space; lateral pharyngeal space
| PHARYNX | PHARYNX | ||
| Cavitas pharyngis | Cavity of pharynx | ||
| Pars nasalis pharyngis | Nasopharynx | ||
| Fornix pharyngis | Vault of pharynx | ||
| Hypophysis pharyngealis | Pharyngeal hypophysis | ||
| Tonsilla pharyngealis | Pharyngeal tonsil | ||
| Fossulae tonsillae | Tonsillar pits | ||
| Cryptae tonsillae | Tonsillar crypts | ||
| Noduli lymphoidei | Lymphoid nodules | ||
| (Bursa pharyngealis) | (Pharyngeal bursa) | ||
| Ostium pharyngeum tubae auditivae; ostium pharyngeum tubae auditoriae | Pharyngeal opening of auditory tubae | ||
| Torus tubarius | Torus tubarius | ||
| Plica salpingopharyngea | Salpingopharyngeal fold | ||
| Plica salpingopalatina | Salpingophalatine fold | ||
| Torus levatorius | Torus levatorius | ||
| Tonsilla tubaria | Tubal tonsil | ||
| Recessus pharyngeus Rosenmülleri | Pharyngeal recess Rosenmülleri | ||
| Crista palatopharyngea | Palatopharyngeal ridge | ||
| Pars oralis pharyngis | Oropharynx | ||
| Vallecula epiglottica | Epiglottic vallecula | ||
| Plica glossoepiglottica mediana | Median glosso-epiglottic fold | ||
| Plica glossoepiglottica lateralis | Lateral glosso-epiglottic fold | ||
| Pars laryngea pharyngis | Laryngopharynx; hypopharynx | ||
| Recessus piriformis | Piriform fossa; piriform recess | ||
| Plica nervi laryngei superioris | Fold of superior laryngeal nerve | ||
| Constrictio pharyngooesophagealis | Pharyngo-oesophageal constriction | ||
| Fascia pharyngobasilaris | Pharyngobasilar fascia | ||
| Tela submucosa | Submucosa | ||
| Tunica mucosa | Mucosa; mucous membrane | ||
| Glandulae pharyngeales | Pharyngeal glands | ||
| Musculi pharyngis; tunica muscularis pharyngis | Pharyngeal muscles; muscle layer of pharynx | ||
| Raphe pharyngis | Pharyngeal raphe | ||
| Raphe pterygomandibularis | Pterygomandibular raphe | ||
| M. constrictor pharyngis superior | Superior constrictor | ||
| Pars pterygopharyngea Passavanti | Pterygopharyngeal part Passavanti | ||
| Pars buccopharyngea | Buccopharyngeal part | ||
| Pars mylopharyngea | Mylopharyngeal part | ||
| Pars glossopharyngea | Glossopharyngeal part | ||
| M. constrictor pharyngis medius | Middle constrictor | ||
| Pars chondropharyngea | Chondropharyngeal part | ||
| Pars ceratopharyngea | Ceratopharyngeal part | ||
| M. constrictor pharyngis inferior | Inferior constrictor | ||
| Pars thyropharyngea; m. thyropharyngeus | Thyropharyngeal part; thyropharyngeus | ||
| Pars cricopharyngea; m. cricopharyngeus | Cricopharyngeal part; cricopharyngeus | ||
| M. stylopharyngeus | Stylopharyngeus | ||
| M. salpingopharyngeus | Salpingopharyngeus | ||
| M. palatopharyngeus | Palatopharyngeus | ||
| Fascia buccopharyngealis | Buccopharyngeal fascia | ||
| Spatium peripharyngeum | Peripharyngeal space | ||
| Spatium retropharyngeum | Retropharyngeal space | ||
| Spatium lateropharyngeum; spatium pharyngeum laterale; spatium parapharyngeum | Parapharyngeal space; lateral pharyngeal space |
DEVELOPMENT
