en:cell_types

LIST OF DISTINCT CELL TYPES

Cells derived primarily from endoderm

Exocrine secretory epithelial cells.

function Location analogy cartoon
Brunner's gland cell (enzymes and alkaline mucus) Duodenum
Insulated goblet cell of respiratory and digestive tracts (mucus secretion)
Foveolar cell (mucus secretion) stomach
Chief cell pepsinogen stomach
Parietal cell gastric acid or hcl stomach
Pancreatic acinar cell (bicarbonate and digestive enzyme secretion) enzymes
Paneth cell of small intestine lysozyme
Type II pneumocyte of lung surfactant
Club cell of lung

Barrier cells

  • Type I pneumocyte (lung)
  • Gall bladder epithelial cell
  • Centroacinar cell (pancreas)
  • Intercalated duct cell (pancreas)
  • Intestinal brush border cell (with microvilli)

Hormone-secreting cells

Enteroendocrine cell

function Location analogy cartoon
K cell (secretes gastric inhibitory peptide) Duodenum
L cell (secretes glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY3-36, oxyntomodulin, and glucagon-like peptide-2)
I cell (secretes cholecystokinin (CCK)) stomach
G cell secretes gastrin stomach
Enterochromaffin cell (secretes serotonin stomach
Enterochromaffin-like cell (secretes histamine)
N cell (secretes neurotensin)
S cell (secretes secretin)
D cell (secretes somatostatin)
Mo cell (or M cell) (secretes motilin)
vasoactive intestinal peptide,
substance P,
alpha and gamma-endorphin,
bombesin

Thyroid gland cells

  • Thyroid epithelial cell
  • Parafollicular cell

Parathyroid gland cells

  • Parathyroid chief cell
  • Oxyphil cell

Pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans)

  • Alpha cell (secretes glucagon)
  • Beta cell (secretes insulin and amylin)
  • Delta cell (secretes somatostatin)
  • Epsilon cell (secretes ghrelin)
  • PP cell (gamma cell) (secretes pancreatic polypeptide)

Cells derived primarily from ectoderm

Exocrine secretory epithelial cells

function Location analogy cartoon
Salivary gland mucous cell
Salivary gland serous cell
Von Ebner's gland cell in tongue (washes taste buds)
Mammary gland cell (milk secretion)
Lacrimal gland cell (tear secretion)
Ceruminous gland cell in ear (earwax secretion)
Eccrine sweat gland dark cell (glycoprotein secretion)
Eccrine sweat gland clear cell (small molecule secretion)
Apocrine sweat gland cell (odoriferous secretion, sex-hormone sensitive)
Gland of Moll cell in eyelid (specialized sweat gland)
Sebaceous gland cell (lipid-rich sebum secretion)
Bowman's gland cell in nose (washes olfactory epithelium)

Hormone-secreting cells

Anterior/Intermediate pituitary cells

  • Corticotropes
  • Gonadotropes
  • Lactotropes
  • Melanotropes
  • Somatotropes
  • Thyrotropes
  • Magnocellular neurosecretory cells, secrete oxytocin and vasopressin
  • Parvocellular neurosecretory cells, secrete thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), vasopressin, oxytocin, neurotensin, and prolactin
  • Chromaffin cells (adrenal gland)

Epithelial cells

  • Keratinocyte (differentiating epidermal cell)
  • Epidermal basal cell (stem cell)
  • Melanocyte

Trichocyte (gives rise to hair and nail cells)

function Location analogy cartoon
Medullary hair shaft cell
Cortical hair shaft cell
Cuticular hair shaft cell
Huxley's layer hair root sheath cell
Henle's layer hair root sheath cell
Outer root sheath hair cell
Surface epithelial cell of cornea, tongue, mouth, nasal cavity, distal anal canal, distal urethra, and distal vagina
basal cell (stem cell) of cornea, tongue, mouth, nasal cavity, distal anal canal, distal urethra, and distal vagina
Intercalated duct cell (salivary glands)
Striated duct cell (salivary glands)
Lactiferous duct cell (mammary glands)
Ameloblast (deposit tooth enamel)

Oral cells

Odontoblast (tooth dentin formation) Cementoblast (tooth cementum formation)

Nervous system

There are nerve cells, also known as neurons, present in our human body. They are branched out. These cells make up nervous tissue. A neuron consists of a cell body with a nucleus and cytoplasm, from which long thin hair-like parts arise.

Sensory transducer cells

function Location analogy cartoon
Auditory inner hair cells of organ of Corti
Auditory outer hair cells of organ of Corti
Basal cells of olfactory epithelium (stem cell for olfactory neurons)
Cold-sensitive primary sensory neurons
Heat-sensitive primary sensory neurons
Merkel cells of epidermis
Olfactory receptor neurons
Pain-sensitive primary sensory neurons
Photoreceptor cells of retina in eye:
Photoreceptor rod cells
Photoreceptor blue-sensitive cone cells of eye
Photoreceptor green-sensitive cone cells of eye
Photoreceptor red-sensitive cone cells of eye
Proprioceptive primary sensory neurons
Touch-sensitive primary sensory neuronss
Chemoreceptor glomus cells of carotid body cell (blood pH sensor)
Outer hair cells of vestibular system of ear (acceleration and gravity)
Inner hair cells of vestibular system of ear (acceleration and gravity)
Taste receptor cells of taste bud

Autonomic neuron cells

  • Cholinergic neurons (various types)
  • Adrenergic neural cells (various types)
  • Peptidergic neural cells (various types)

Sense organ and peripheral neuron supporting cells

function Location analogy cartoon
Inner pillar cells of organ of Corti
Outer pillar cells of organ of Corti
Inner phalangeal cells of organ of Corti
Outer phalangeal cells of organ of Corti
Border cells of organ of Corti
Hensen's cells of organ of Corti
Vestibular apparatus supporting cells
Taste bud supporting cells
Olfactory epithelium supporting cells
Olfactory ensheathing cells
Schwann cells
Satellite glial cells
Enteric glial cells

Central nervous system neurons and glial cells

  • Neuron cells (large variety of types, still poorly classified)

Interneurons

function Location analogy cartoon
Basket cells
Cartwheel cells
Stellate cells
Golgi cells
Granule cells
Lugaro cells
Unipolar brush cells
Martinotti cells
Chandelier cells
Cajal–Retzius cells
Double-bouquet cells
Neurogliaform cells
Retina horizontal cells
Amacrine cells
Starburst amacrine cells
Spinal interneurons
Renshaw cells

Principal cells

function Location analogy cartoon
Spindle neurons
Fork neurons
Pyramidal cells
Place cells
Grid cells
Speed cells
Head direction cells
Betz cells
Stellate cells
Boundary cells
Bushy cells
Purkinje cells
Medium spiny neurons
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Ependymal cells
Tanycytes
Pituicytes

Lens cells

  • Anterior lens epithelial cell
  • Crystallin-containing lens fiber cell

Cells derived primarily from mesoderm

Metabolism and storage cells

  • Adipocytes:
  • White fat cell
  • Brown fat cell
  • Liver lipocyte

Secretory cells

function Location analogy cartoon
Cells of the Adrenal cortex
Cells of the Zona glomerulosa produce mineralocorticoids
Cells of the Zona fasciculata produce glucocorticoids
Cells of the Zona reticularis produce androgens
Theca interna cell of ovarian follicle secreting estrogen
Corpus luteum cell of ruptured ovarian follicle secreting progesterone
Granulosa lutein cells
Theca lutein cells
Leydig cell of testes secreting testosterone
Seminal vesicle cell (secretes seminal fluid components, including fructose for swimming sperm)
Prostate gland cell (secretes seminal fluid components)
Bulbourethral gland cell (mucus secretion)
Bartholin's gland cell (vaginal lubricant secretion)
Gland of Littre cell (mucus secretion)
Uterus endometrium cell (carbohydrate secretion)
Juxtaglomerular cell (renin secretion)
Macula densa cell of kidney
Peripolar cell of kidney
Mesangial cell of kidney

Barrier cells

Urinary system

  • Parietal epithelial cell
  • Podocyte
  • Proximal tubule brush border cell
  • Loop of Henle thin segment cell
  • Kidney distal tubule cell
  • Kidney collecting duct cell
  • Principal cell
  • Intercalated cell
  • Transitional epithelium (lining urinary bladder)

Reproductive system

  • Duct cell (of seminal vesicle, prostate gland, etc.)
  • Efferent ducts cell
  • Epididymal principal cell
  • Epididymal basal cell

Circulatory system

  • Endothelial cells

Extracellular matrix cells

function Location analogy cartoon
Planum semilunatum epithelial cell of vestibular system of ear (proteoglycan secretion)
Organ of Corti interdental epithelial cell (secreting tectorial membrane covering hair cells)
Loose connective tissue fibroblasts
Corneal fibroblasts (corneal keratocytes)
Tendon fibroblasts
Bone marrow reticular tissue fibroblasts
Other nonepithelial fibroblasts
Pericyte
Hepatic stellate cell (Ito cell)
Nucleus pulposus cell of intervertebral disc
Hyaline cartilage chondrocyte
Fibrocartilage chondrocyte
Elastic cartilage chondrocyte
Osteoblast/osteocyte
Osteoprogenitor cell (stem cell of osteoblasts)
Hyalocyte of vitreous body of eye
Stellate cell of perilymphatic space of ear
Pancreatic stellate cell
  • Note: Cephalic connective tissue and bones are derived from the Cranial neural crest which comes from the ectoderm germ layer

Contractile cells

function Location analogy cartoon
Skeletal muscle cells
Red skeletal muscle cell (slow twitch)
White skeletal muscle cell (fast twitch)
Intermediate skeletal muscle cell
Nuclear bag cell of muscle spindle
Nuclear chain cell of muscle spindle
Myosatellite cell (stem cell)
Cardiac muscle cells
Cardiac muscle cell
SA node cell
Purkinje fiber cell
other
Smooth muscle cell (various types)
Myoepithelial cell of iris
Myoepithelial cell of exocrine glands

Blood and immune system cells

function Location analogy cartoon
Erythrocyte (red blood cell) and precursor erythroblasts
Megakaryocyte (platelet precursor)
Platelets if considered distinct cells, currently there's debate on the subject.
Monocyte (white blood cell)
Connective tissue macrophage (various types)
Epidermal Langerhans cell
Osteoclast (in bone)
Dendritic cell (in lymphoid tissues)
Microglial cell (in central nervous system)
Neutrophil granulocyte and precursors (myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte)
Eosinophil granulocyte and precursors
Basophil granulocyte and precursors
Mast cell
Helper T cell
Regulatory T cell
Cytotoxic T cell
Natural killer T cell
B cell
Plasma cell
Natural killer cell
Hematopoietic stem cells and committed progenitors for the blood and immune system (various types)

Germ cells

  • Oogonium/Oocyte
  • Spermatid
  • Spermatocyte
  • Spermatogonium cell (stem cell for spermatocyte)
  • Spermatozoon

Nurse cell

  • Granulosa cell (in ovaries)
  • Sertoli cell (in testis)
  • Epithelial reticular cell (in thymus)
Interstitial cells

Interstitial kidney cells

  • en/cell_types.txt
  • Last modified: 2024/07/31 13:35
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