====== UPPER LIMB MUSCLES ====== * upper limb * ARM * pull backwards dorsally * latissimus dorsi * pulling towards body * adduction * pectoralis major , supraspinatus * flexion * coracobrachialis * pushing away from body * deltoid * rotation of arm * internal * teres major , subscapularis * exteral or lateral * teres minor , infraspinatus * FOREARM * flexion * at elbow * biceps brachii , brachialis , * brachioradialis * pronator teres * Extension * at elbow * triceps brachii * pronation * pronator quadratus , pronator teres * supination * supinator * HAND * at wrist * Flexion * flexor carpi * radialis * ulnaris * palmaris longus * palmaris brevis ( skin only ) * extensor carpi * radialis * brevis * longus * ulnaris * at digits (&- insertion) * as whole * flexor digitorum * superficialis * profundus * extensor digitorum * adduction * palmar interossei * abduction * dorsal interossei * little finger ( & - insertion ) * extensor digiti minimi * abductor digiti minimi * flexor digiti minimi brevis * opponens digiti minimi * at thumb ( & - insertion ) * flexor * pollicis longus * pollicis brevis * abductor * Abductor pollicis(&) longus * Radius and ulna * abductor pollicis(&) brevis * adductor * pollicis * extensor * pollicis(&) longus * proximal thumb * ulna (@) * pollicis(&) brevis * distal thumb * radius (@) * opposition * opponens pollicis * index finger * extensor(#) indices(&) * (@) ulna * # - action * & - insertion * @ - origin ===== UPPER LIMB ===== ^ MANTRAKSHAR ^ MUSCLE ^ ACTION ^ ^ ^ ^ | | trapezius | retracts  scapula | elevates scapula | | | | | latissimus dorsi | pulls forelimb dorsally and caudally | | | | | | rhomboids | retracts scapula and rotates it to depress glenoid cavity, fixes scapula to thoracic wall | | | | | |      rhomboid major | | | | | | |      rhomboid minor | | | | | | | levator scapulae | tilts glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula | elevates scapula, | | | ^ | Muscle | | | | | | | pectoralis major | clavicular head: flexes humerus sternocostal head: extends humerus | draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly | medially rotates humerus | adducts humerus,   | | | pectoralis minor | stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall | | | | | | subclavius | depresses clavicle | | | | | | serratus anterior | protracts and stabilises scapula, assists in upward rotation | | | | | ^ Muscle ^ Action ^ ^ ^ ^ | | deltoid | abducts, flexes, and extends shoulder | | | | | | teres major | | | internally rotates humerus | | | | Rotator cuff | | | | | | | supraspinatus | abducts and stabilises humerus | | | | | | infraspinatus | laterally rotates, adducts, and stabilises humerus | | | | | | teres minor | laterally rotates and adducts humerus | | | | | | subscapularis | medially rotates humerus, stabilizes shoulder | | | | | ^ Muscle ^ Action ^ ^ | | | | coracobrachialis | flexes and adducts shoulder | | | | | | biceps brachii | flexes elbow, supinates forearm | | | | | | | | | | | | | brachialis | flexes elbow | | | | | ^ ^ ^ ^ | | | | triceps brachii | extends forearm | | | | | | | long head: adducts shoulder medial head: does not function at shoulder | | | | | | | | | | | | | anconeus | partly blended with triceps, extendsforearm, stabilises elbow, abducts ulna during pronation | | | | | ^ ^ ^ ^ | | | | pronator teres | pronates forearm, flexes elbow | | | | | | | | | | | | {{:blank:flex_carp_rad.png?50px}} | flexor carpi radialis | flexes and abducts wrist | | | | | | palmaris longus | flexes wrist | | | | | {{:blank:flex_carp_uln.png?50px}} | flexor carpi ulnaris | flexes and adducts wrist | | | | | {{:blank:flex_digt_superf.png?50px}} | flexor digitorum superficialis | flexes fingers (primarily at proximal interphalangeal joints) | | | | | ^ ^ ^ ^ | | | | pronator quadratus | weakly pronates forearm | | | | |{{:blank:flex_dig_profund.png?50px}} | flexor digitorum profundus | flexes wrist, flexes interphalangeal joints | | | | | | | | | | | |{{:blank:flex_poll_long.png?50px}} | flexor pollicis longus | flexes thumb | | | | | ^ Muscle ^ ^ ^ | | | {{:blank:ext_digitorum.png?50px}} | extensor digitorum | extends hand, extends fingers | | | | | {{:blank:ext_digt_minim.png?50px}} | extensor digiti minimi | extensor digiti minimi | | | | | {{:blank:ext_carp_uln.png?50px}} | extensor carpi ulnaris | flexor carpi ulnaris | | | | | | Mobile wad | Mobile wad | | | | | | brachioradialis | flexes forearm, pronates forearm when supine, supinates forearm when prone | | | | | {{:blank:ext_carp_rad_long.png?50px}} | extensor carpi radialis longus | extensor carpi radialis longus | | | | | {{:blank:ext_carp_rad_brevis.png?50px}} | extensor carpi radialis brevis | anterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon) | | | | | ^ Muscle ^ Action ^ ^ | | | | supinator | supinates forearm | | | | | | extensor indicis | | | | | | ^ Anatomical snuff box ^ Anatomical snuff box ^ ^ | | |{{:blank:abd_poll_long.png?50px}} | abductor pollicis longus | abducts and extends thumb | | | | | {{:blank:ext_poll_bevis.png?50px}} | extensor pollicis brevis | extensor pollicis brevis | | | | |{{:blank:ext_poll_longus.png?50px}} | extensor pollicis longus | ulna, interosseous membrane of forearm | | | | | ^ Muscle ^ Action ^ ^ | | | {{:blank:opponens_pollicis.png?50px}} | opponens pollicis | opposes thumb | | | | |{{:blank:flex_poll_brevis.png?50px}} | flexor pollicis brevis | flexes thumb | | | | | {{:blank:abd_poll_brevis.png?50px}} | abductor pollicis brevis | abducts thumb | | | | | {{:blank:adductor_pollicis.png?50px}} | adductor pollicis | adducts thumb at carpometacarpal joint | | | | | | | | | | | | ^ Muscle ^ Action ^ ^ | | | | palmaris brevis | wrinkle skin of palm | | | | | | hypothenar | | | | | |{{:blank:abd_digit_minim.png?50px}} |      abductor digiti minimi | abducts little finger | | | | |{{:blank:flex_digt_minim_brevis.png?50px}} |      flexor digiti minimi brevis | flexes little finger | | | | | {{:blank:opponens_digit_minimi.png?50px}} |      opponens digiti minimi | draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, bringing little finger (5th digit) into opposition with thumb | | | | | ^ Muscle ^ Action ^ ^ | | | | lumbrical | flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints | | | | | | dorsal interossei | abduct fingers | | | | | | palmar interossei | adduct fingers | | | |