===== THALAMUS ===== * THALAMUS * situation * lies above midbrain * one on each side of a slit like cavity called third ventricle * shape and size * ovoid mass of grey matter * 3.5 cm in length , 1.5 cm in breadth * External features * two ends * anterior end * narrow * constitutes tubercle of thalamus * forms posterior boundary of interventricular foramen * posterior end * expanded called pulvinar * overhangs * medial and lateral geniculate bodies * superior colliculi with their brachia * four surfaces * superior surface * lateral part * forms floor of central part of lateral ventricle * medial part * covered by tela choroidea of 3rd ventricle * inferior surface * anterior part * fused with sub-thalamus * posterior part * free * inferior aspect of pulvinar * medial surface * greater part of lateral wall of third ventricle * lateral surface * medial boundary of posterior limb of internal capsule * INTERNAL STRUCTURE * MAINLY GREY MATTER * divided by y shaped internal medullary lamina * anterior * tubercle * lies between limbs of Y * medial * on medial side of stem of Y * large Medial dorsal * small medial ventral * lateral * on lateral side of stem of Y * dorsal * lateral dorsal * lateral posterior * large caudal nuclear mass * pulvinar * ventral * ventral-lateral (ventral intermediate ) * ventral- anterior * ventral - posterior * ventral posterolateral * ventral posteromedial * other nuclei * intralaminar nuclei * midline ( paraventricular nuclei) * reticular nucleus * WHITE MATTER * lateral surface of thalamus * thin layer * external medullary lamina * superior surface * stratum zonale * inside thalamus * internal medullary lamina | 798 | | Epithalamus | Epithalamus | | | 799 | | Commissura habenularum | Habenular commissure | | | 800 | | Tractus habenulointerpeduncularis; fasciculus retroflexus | Habenulo-interpeduncular tract; fasciculus retroflexus | | | 801 | | Nucleus habenularis lateralis | Lateral habenular nucleus | | | 802 | | Nucleus habenularis medialis | Medial habenular nucleus | | | 803 | | Commissura posterior; commissura epithalamica | Posterior commissure | | | 804 | | Area pretectalis | Pretectal area | | | 805 | | Nuclei pretectales | Pretectal nuclei | | | 806 | | Nucleus pretectalis anterior | Anterior pretectal nucleus | | | 807 | | Nucleus tractus optici | Nucleus of optic tract | | | 808 | | Nucleus pretectalis olivaris | Olivary pretectal nucleus | | | 809 | | Nucleus pretectalis posterior | Posterior pretectal nucleus | | | 810 | | Organum subcommissurale | Subcommissural organ | | | 811 | | Thalamus | Thalamus | | | 812 | | Substantia grisea thalami | Grey substance of thalamus | | | 813 | | Nuclei anteriores thalami | Anterior nuclei of thalamus | | | 814 | | Nucleus anterodorsalis | Anterodorsal nucleus | | | 815 | | Nucleus anteromedialis | Anteromedial nucleus | | | 816 | | Nucleus anteroventralis | Anteroventral nucleus | | | 817 | | Nuclei dorsales thalami | Dorsal nuclei of thalamus | | | 818 | | Nucleus dorsalis lateralis | Lateral dorsal nucleus | | | 819 | | Nucleus lateralis posterior | Lateral posterior nucleus | | | 820 | | Nuclei pulvinares | Pulvinar nuclei | | | 821 | | Nucleus pulvinaris anterior | Anterior pulvinar nucleus | | | 822 | | Nucleus pulvinaris inferior | Inferior pulvinar nucleus | | | 823 | | Nucleus pulvinaris lateralis | Lateral pulvinar nucleus | | | 824 | | Nucleus pulvinaris medialis | Medial pulvinar nucleus | | | 825 | | Nuclei intralaminares thalami | Intralaminar nuclei of thalamus | | | 826 | | Nucleus centralis lateralis | Central lateral nucleus | | | 827 | | Nucleus centralis medialis | Central medial nucleus | | | 828 | | Nucleus centromedianus | Centromedian nucleus | | | 829 | | Nucleus paracentralis | Paracentral nucleus | | | 830 | | Nucleus parafascicularis | Parafascicular nucleus | | | 831 | | Nuclei mediales thalami | Medial nuclei of thalamus | | | 832 | | Nucleus mediodorsalis | Medial dorsal nucleus; dorsomedial nucleus | | | 833 | | Pars parvocellularis lateralis | Lateral nucleus; parvocellular nucleus | | | 834 | | Pars magnocellularis medialis | Medial nucleus; magnocellular nucleus | | | 835 | | Pars paralaminaris | Paralaminar part; pars laminaris | | | 836 | | Nucleus medioventralis | Medial ventral nucleus | | | 837 | | Nuclei mediani thalami | Median nuclei of thalamus | | | 838 | | Nucleus parataenialis | Parataenial nucleus | | | 839 | | Nuclei paraventriculares thalami | Paraventricular nuclei of thalamus | | | 840 | | Nucleus paraventricularis anterior | Anterior paraventricular nucleus | | | 841 | | Nucleus paraventricularis posterior | Posterior paraventricular nucleus | | | 842 | | Nucleus reuniens | Nucleus reuniens | | | 843 | | Nucleus commissuralis rhomboidalis | Rhomboid nucleus | | | 844 | | Nuclei posteriores thalami | Posterior nuclear complex of thalamus | | | 845 | | Nucleus limitans | Nucleus limitans | | | 846 | | Nucleus posterior | Posterior nucleus | | | 847 | | Nucleus suprageniculatus | Suprageniculate nucleus | | | 848 | | Nucleus reticularis thalami | Reticular nucleus of thalamus | | | 849 | | Nuclei ventrales thalami | Ventral nuclei of thalamus | | | 850 | | Nuclei ventrobasales | Ventrobasal complex | | | 851 | | Nucleus ventralis posterolateralis | Ventral posterolateral nucleus | | | 852 | | Nucleus ventralis posteromedialis | Ventral posteromedial nucleus | | | 853 | | Pars parvocellularis | Parvocellular part | | | 854 | | Nuclei ventrales mediales | Ventral medial complex | | | 855 | | Nucleus basalis ventralis medialis | Basal ventral medial nucleus | | | 856 | | Nucleus principalis ventralis medialis | Principal ventral medial nucleus | | | 857 | | Nucleus submedialis | Submedial nucleus | | | 858 | | Nucleus ventralis posterior inferior | Ventral posterior inferior nucleus | | | 859 | | Nuclei ventrales laterales | Ventral lateral complex | | | 860 | | Nucleus anterior ventrolateralis | Anterior ventrolateral nucleus | | | 861 | | Nucleus posterior ventrolateralis | Posterior ventrolateral nucleus | | | 862 | | Nucleus ventralis anterior | Ventral anterior nucleus | | | 863 | | Pars magnocellularis | Magnocellular division | | | 864 | | Pars principalis | Principal division | | | 865 | | Nucleus ventralis intermedius | Ventral intermediate nucleus | | | 866 | | Nucleus ventralis posterolateralis | Ventral posterolateral nucleus | | | 867 | | Nucleus ventralis posterior internus | Ventral posterior internal nucleus | | | 868 | | Nucleus ventroposterior parvocellularis | Ventral posterior parvocellular nucleus | | | 869 | | Substantia alba thalami | White substance of thalamus | | | 870 | | Lamina medullaris lateralis | External medullary lamina | | | 871 | | Lamina medullaris medialis | Internal medullary lamina | | | 872 | | Radiatio acustica | Acoustic radiation | | | 873 | | Ansa lenticularis | Ansa lenticularis | | | 874 | | Fasciculus lenticularis | Lenticular fasciculus | | | 875 | | Ansa peduncularis | Ansa peduncularis | | | 876 | | Radiatio anterior thalami | Anterior radiation of thalamus | | | 877 | | Brachium colliculi inferioris | Brachium of inferior colliculus | | | 878 | | Brachium colliculi superioris | Brachium of superior colliculus | | | 879 | | Radiatio centralis thalami | Central thalamic radiation | | | 880 | | Radiatio inferior thalami | Inferior thalamic radiation | | | 881 | | Fibrae intrathalamicae | Intrathalamic fibres | | | 882 | | Lemniscus lateralis | Lateral lemniscus | | | 883 | | Fasciculus mammillothalamicus | Mammillothalamic fasciculus | | | 884 | | Lemniscus medialis | Medial lemniscus | | | 885 | | Radiatio optica [[Gratiolet]] | Optic radiation [[Gratiolet]] | | | 886 | | Fibrae periventriculares | Periventricular fibres | | | 887 | | Radiatio posterior thalami | Posterior thalamic radiation | | | 888 | | Lemniscus spinalis | Spinal lemniscus | | | 889 | | Fasciculus subthalamicus | Subthalamic fasciculus | | | 890 | | Pedunculus cerebellaris superior | Superior cerebellar peduncle | | | 891 | | Fasciculus thalamicus | Thalamic fasciculus | | | 892 | | Lemniscus trigeminalis | Trigeminal lemniscus | | | 893 | | Subthalamus | Subthalamus | | | 894 | | Nucleus subthalamicus [[corpus Luysi]] | Subthalamic nucleus [[corpus Luysi]] | | | 895 | | Nuclei campi perizonalis [H, H1, H2] | Nuclei of perizonal fields [H, H1, H2] | | | 896 | | Nucleus campi medialis [H] | Nucleus of medial field [H] | | | 897 | | Nucleus campi dorsalis [H1] | Nucleus of dorsal field [H1] | | | 898 | | Nucleus campi ventralis [H2] | Nucleus of ventral field [H2] | | | 899 | | Zona incerta | Zona incerta | | | 900 | | Metathalamus | Metathalamus | | | 901 | | Nucleus dorsalis corporis geniculati lateralis | Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus | | | 902 | | Stratum koniocellulare | Koniocellular layer | | | 903 | | Strata magnocellularia | Magnocellular layers | | | 904 | | Strata parvocellularia | Parvocellular layers | | | 905 | | Nucleus ventralis corporis geniculati lateralis; nucleus pregeniculatus | Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus; pregeniculate nucleus | | | 906 | | Folium intergeniculatum | Intergeniculate leaf | | | 907 | | Nuclei corporis geniculati medialis | Medial geniculate nuclei | | | 908 | | Nucleus ventralis | Ventral principal nucleus | | | 909 | | Nucleus dorsalis | Dorsal nucleus | | | 910 | | Nucleus medialis magnocellularis | Medial magnocellular nucleus | |