====== PHARYNX ====== * PHARYNX * Features * wide muscular tube * situated * behind nose * behind mouth * behind larynx * Parts * upper part * transmits only air * widest and non collapsible * middle part * both air and food * narrow * lower part * only food * narrowest part of git ( except for vermiform appendix) * Boundaries * superiorly * base of skull * including posterior part of body of sphenoid * basilar part of occipital bone infront of pharyngeal tubercle * Inferiorly * pharynx is continuous with the oesophagus * at level of C6 vertebra * corresponding to lower border of cricoid cartilage * Posteriorly * glides freely on prevertebral fascia * Anteriorly * communicates with nasal , oral cavity and larynx * Structure * mucosa * submucosa * pharyngobasilar fascia or pharyngeal aponeurosis * fibrous sheet internal to pharyngeal muscles * thickest in * upper part * fills the gap between upper border of superior constrictor and base of skull * posteriorly * forms pharyngeal raphe * superiorly * attached to basiocciput , petrous temporal bone , auditory tube * inferiorly * gradually lost deep to muscles * hardly extend beyond superior constrictor * Cavity of pharynx * Nasopharynx * Vault of pharynx * Pharyngeal hypophysis * Pharyngeal tonsil * Tonsillar pits * Tonsillar crypts * Lymphoid nodules * (Pharyngeal bursa) * Pharyngeal opening of auditory tubae * Torus tubarius * Salpingopharyngeal fold * Salpingophalatine fold * Torus levatorius * Tubal tonsil * Pharyngeal recess [[Rosenmülleri]] * Palatopharyngeal ridge * Oropharynx * Epiglottic vallecula * Median glosso-epiglottic fold * Lateral glosso-epiglottic fold * Laryngopharynx; hypopharynx * Situation and extent * upper border or epiglottis to lower border of cricoid cartilage * Walls * anterior wall * inlet of larynx * posterior surface of cricoid and arytenoid cartilages * posterior wall * supported by c4 and c5 vertebra * partly by c3 and c6 vertebra * formed by three constrictors * superior , middle and inferior * lateral wall * depression called as * Piriform fossa; piriform recess on each side of inlet of larynx * Fold of superior laryngeal nerve * bounded * medially by * aryepiglottic fold * laterally by * thyroid cartilage and thyrohyoid membrane * beneath mucosa of fossa * internal laryngeal nerve * Pharyngo-oesophageal constriction * Pharyngobasilar fascia * Submucosa * Mucosa; mucous membrane * Pharyngeal glands * Pharyngeal muscles; muscle layer of pharynx * Pharyngeal raphe * Pterygomandibular raphe * Superior constrictor * Pterygopharyngeal part [[Passavanti]] * Buccopharyngeal part * Mylopharyngeal part * Glossopharyngeal part * Middle constrictor * Chondropharyngeal part * Ceratopharyngeal part * Inferior constrictor * Thyropharyngeal part; thyropharyngeus * Cricopharyngeal part; cricopharyngeus * Stylopharyngeus * Salpingopharyngeus * Palatopharyngeus * Buccopharyngeal fascia * Peripharyngeal space * Retropharyngeal space * Parapharyngeal space; lateral pharyngeal space | PHARYNX | PHARYNX | | | | Cavitas pharyngis | Cavity of pharynx | | | | Pars nasalis pharyngis | Nasopharynx | | | | Fornix pharyngis | Vault of pharynx | | | | Hypophysis pharyngealis | Pharyngeal hypophysis | | | | Tonsilla pharyngealis | Pharyngeal tonsil | | | | Fossulae tonsillae | Tonsillar pits | | | | Cryptae tonsillae | Tonsillar crypts | | | | Noduli lymphoidei | Lymphoid nodules | | | | (Bursa pharyngealis) | (Pharyngeal bursa) | | | | Ostium pharyngeum tubae auditivae; ostium pharyngeum tubae auditoriae | Pharyngeal opening of auditory tubae | | | | Torus tubarius | Torus tubarius | | | | Plica salpingopharyngea | Salpingopharyngeal fold | | | | Plica salpingopalatina | Salpingophalatine fold | | | | Torus levatorius | Torus levatorius | | | | Tonsilla tubaria | Tubal tonsil | | | | Recessus pharyngeus [[Rosenmülleri]] | Pharyngeal recess [[Rosenmülleri]] | | | | Crista palatopharyngea | Palatopharyngeal ridge | | | | Pars oralis pharyngis | Oropharynx | | | | Vallecula epiglottica | Epiglottic vallecula | | | | Plica glossoepiglottica mediana | Median glosso-epiglottic fold | | | | Plica glossoepiglottica lateralis | Lateral glosso-epiglottic fold | | | | Pars laryngea pharyngis | Laryngopharynx; hypopharynx | | | | Recessus piriformis | Piriform fossa; piriform recess | | | | Plica nervi laryngei superioris | Fold of superior laryngeal nerve | | | | Constrictio pharyngooesophagealis | Pharyngo-oesophageal constriction | | | | Fascia pharyngobasilaris | Pharyngobasilar fascia | | | | Tela submucosa | Submucosa | | | | Tunica mucosa | Mucosa; mucous membrane | | | | Glandulae pharyngeales | Pharyngeal glands | | | | Musculi pharyngis; tunica muscularis pharyngis | Pharyngeal muscles; muscle layer of pharynx | | | | Raphe pharyngis | Pharyngeal raphe | | | | Raphe pterygomandibularis | Pterygomandibular raphe | | | | M. constrictor pharyngis superior | Superior constrictor | | | | Pars pterygopharyngea [[Passavanti]] | Pterygopharyngeal part [[Passavanti]] | | | | Pars buccopharyngea | Buccopharyngeal part | | | | Pars mylopharyngea | Mylopharyngeal part | | | | Pars glossopharyngea | Glossopharyngeal part | | | | M. constrictor pharyngis medius | Middle constrictor | | | | Pars chondropharyngea | Chondropharyngeal part | | | | Pars ceratopharyngea | Ceratopharyngeal part | | | | M. constrictor pharyngis inferior | Inferior constrictor | | | | Pars thyropharyngea; m. thyropharyngeus | Thyropharyngeal part; thyropharyngeus | | | | Pars cricopharyngea; m. cricopharyngeus | Cricopharyngeal part; cricopharyngeus | | | | M. stylopharyngeus | Stylopharyngeus | | | | M. salpingopharyngeus | Salpingopharyngeus | | | | M. palatopharyngeus | Palatopharyngeus | | | | Fascia buccopharyngealis | Buccopharyngeal fascia | | | | Spatium peripharyngeum | Peripharyngeal space | | | | Spatium retropharyngeum | Retropharyngeal space | | | | Spatium lateropharyngeum; spatium pharyngeum laterale; spatium parapharyngeum | Parapharyngeal space; lateral pharyngeal space | | | {{:anatomy:pharyngobasilar_fascia.png}} {{:anatomy:pharynx_muscles.png}} {{:anatomy:pharynx_parts.png}} {{:anatomy:pharynx_vessels_nerves.png}} ===== DEVELOPMENT ===== {{:anatomy:pharyngeal_arch.png}}