====== PERICARDIUM ======

    * Pericardium
      * fibrous pericardium
        * made up of conical sac of fibrous tissue
        * attached to its surface
          * parietal layer of serous pericardium
        * features
          * apex is blunt
            * lies at the level of sternal angle
            * fused with roots of great vessels and with pretracheal fascia
          * base is broad and inseparably blended with central tendon of diaphragm
          * posteriorly
            * principal bronchi
            * oesophagus with nerve plexus
            * descending thoracic aorta
          * anteriorly
            * sternopericardial ligaments
            * connects to upper and lower ends of body of sternum
            * superior and inferior ligaments
          * each side
            * mediastinal pleura
            * mediastinal surface of lung
            * phrenic nerve
            * pericardiophrenic vessels
          * protects heart
            * sudden overfilling
            * overexpansion of heart
      * serous pericardium
        * thin double layered
          * serous membrane
            * lined by mesothelium
            * outer layer
              * parietal pericardium
                * fused with fibrous pericardium
            * inner layer
              * visceral pericardium
                * epicardium fused to heart
                  * except along cardiac grooves
            * the two layers are continuous
          * pericardial cavity
            * pericardial fluid
      * sinuses of pericardium
        * transverse sinus
          * arterial tubes
            * encloses ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
              * at arterial end
          * venous tubes
            * encloses venacava and pulmonary veins
              * at venous end
        * oblique sinus
          * narrow gap behind the heart
          * anteriorly by left atrium
          * posteriorly by parietal pericardium and esophagus
      * contents of pericardium
        * heart with cardiac vessels and nerves
        * ascending aorta
        * pulmonary trunk
        * lower half of superior venacava
        * terminal part of inferior venacava
        * terminal part of pulmonary veins
      * blood supply
        * internal thoracic artery
        * musculophrenic artery
        * descending thoracic aorta
        * veins drain in to corresponding veins
      * nerve supply
        * fibrous and serous pericardium
          * phrenic nerves
        * pericarditis pain originates in epicardium
        * angina or cardiac pain
          * originates in cardiac muscles of vessels of heart


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