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Ask your administrator if you think this is wrong. ====== KNEE JOINT ====== * Knee joint * Features * Largest and most complex joint * 3 joints in to one * Parts of joints * Lateral femorotibial * Medial femoro tibial * Femoro patellar joint * Type * Condylar ( synovial ) * Two condylar joints between * Femur and tibia * One saddle joint * Femur and patella * Articular surfaces * Condyles of femur * Patella * Condyles of tibia * Femoral condyles articulates with * tibial condyles below and behind * Front * Patella * Ligaments * Names in brief * Fibrous capsule * Ligamentum patellae * Tibial collateral. or medial ligament * Fibular collateral or lateral ligament * Oblique popliteal ligament * Arcuate popliteal ligament * Anterior cruciate ligament * Posterior cruciate ligament * Medial meniscus * Lateral meniscus * Transverse liganent * Names in detail * Fibrous or articular capsule * Femoral attachment * 1 cm beyond articular margins * 3 special features * Anteriorly * It is deficient * Posteriorly * Intercondylar line * Laterally * Enclose origin of popliteus * Tibial attachment * Anteriorly * Descends along margins of condyles * To tibial tuberosity * Posteriorly * Attached to intercondylar ridge * Limits attachment of posterior cruciate ligament * Posterolaterally * Gap behind lateral condyle for passage of tendon of popliteus * Coronary ligament * Part of Fibrous capsule * Between menisci and tibia * Short lateral ligament * Thickening of capsule * Deep to fibular collateral ligament * Extends from lateral epicondyle of femur * Blends with tendon of popliteus to the medial border of Apex of fibula * Capsular ligament * Weak * Strengthened anteriorly by medial and lateral patellar retinacula * Which are Extensions from vastus medialis and lateralis * Openings * Two gaps * One leading to supraptellar bursa * For exit of tendon of popliteus * Ligamentum patellae * Long band of great strength * Attached * Superiorly * To medial epicondyle of femur * Just below adductor tubercle * Inferiorly * Divides in to anterior and posterior parts * Anterior part or superificial part. * 10 cm long and 1.25 cm broad * Separated from capsule by 2 or more bursa * Attached * below to medial border and posterior part of * Medial surface of shaft of tibia * Covers inferior medial geniculate vessels and nerve * Covers anterior part of tendon of semimembranosus * Crossed by tendons of sartorius , gracilis and semitendinosus * Posterior or deep part * Short * Blends with capsule and with medial meniscus * Attached * To medial condyle of tibia above the groove for semitendinosus * Fibular collateral or lateral ligament * Ligament is strong and cord like * Superiorly * Attached to lateral epicondyle of femur just above popliteal groove * Inferiorly * Attached to * Head of fibula infront of its Apex * Embraced by tendon of biceps Femoris * Separated from * Lateral meniscus * By tendon of popliteus * Inferior lateral genixular vessels and nerves seprate it from capsule * Oblique popliteal ligament * Expansion from tendon of semimembranosus * Runs upward and laterally * Blends with posterior surface of capsule * Attached to * intercondylar line * lateral condyle of femur * Related to * Popliteal artery * Pierced by * Middle genicular vessels and nerve * Terminal division of posterior division of obturator nerve * Arcuate popliteal ligament * Posterior expansion from short lateral ligament * Extends backwards from head of fibula * Arches over tendon of popliteus * Cruciate ligaments * Anterior cruciate ligament * Begins * Anterior part of intercondylar area of tibia * Ends * Posterior part of medial surface of llateral condyle of femur * Posteriro curicate ligament * Begins * Posterior part of intercondylar area of tibia * Ends at * Anterior part of lateral surface of medial condyle of femur * Menisci or semilunar cartilage * Fibrocartilaginous disc * Shaped like crescent * Divide articular cavity in * Upper compartment * Lower compartment * Parts * Two ends * Anterior end called as anterior horn * Medial meniscus Posterior fibres are continuous with transverse ligament * Posterior end called as posterior horn * Lateral meniscus * Posterior end attached to medial condyle of femur through two meniscofemorsl ligaments * Two borders * Outer border is thick , convex and close to fibrous capsule * Inner border is thin , concave and free * Two surfaces * Upper surface * Concave * Articulates with femur * Lower surface * Flat * Rests on peripheral two thirds of tibial condyle * Peripheral thick part is vascular * Inner part is avascular and nourished by synovial fluid * Medial meniscus * Nearly semicircular * Lateral meniscus * Nearly circular * Transverse ligament * Connects * Medial and lateral menisci anterior ends * Bursae * Anterior * Patellar bursa * Subcutaneous * prepatellar bursa * Infrapatellsr bursa * Deep * Infrapatellar * Supraptellar bursa * Lateral * Deep to * lateral head of gastrocnemius * Between * Fibular collateral and tenon of popliteus * Fibular collateral and biceps Femoris * Tendon of popliteus and lateral condyle of tibia * Medial * Deep * To medial head of gastrocnemius * To Tibial collateral liagemt * To semimembranosus * Anserine bursa * Relations * Anteriorly * Anterior bursa , ligamentum patellae * Posteriorly * To middle * Popliteal vessels , tibial nerve * Posterolaterally * Lateral head of gastrocnemius , plantaris , peroneal nerve * Posteromedially ^ ^ ^ | Type | Tibiofemoral joint: Synovial hinge joint; uniaxial | | | Patellofemoral joint: Plane joint | | Articular surfaces | Tibiofemoral joint: lateral and medial condyles of femur, tibial plateaus | | | Patellofemoral joint: patellar surface of femur, posterior surface of patella | | Ligaments and Menisci | Extracapsular ligaments: patellar ligament, medial and lateral patellar retinacula, tibial (medial) collateral ligament, fibular (lateral) collateral ligament, oblique popliteal ligament, arcuate popliteal ligament, anterolateral ligament (ALL) | | ::: | Intracapsular ligaments: anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial meniscus, lateral meniscus | | Innervation | Femoral nerve (nerve to vastus medialis, saphenous nerve) tibial and common fibular (peroneal) nerves, posterior division of the obturator nerve | | Blood supply | Genicular branches of lateral circumflex femoral artery, femoral artery, posterior tibial artery, anterior tibial artery and popliteal artery | | Movements | Extension, flexion, medial rotation, lateral rotation | en/knee-joint.txt Last modified: 2023/06/21 10:49by 127.0.0.1