en:external_carotid_artery [Chapters]

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====== EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY ======

  * External carotid artery 
    * Course and relations 
      * begins in the carotid triangle 
        * at the level of upper border of thyroid cartilage 
          * opposite the disc between 
            *  third and fourth cervical vertebra 
      * runs upwards and backwards 
        * terminates behind mandible 
          * dividing in to 
            * [[:en:maxillary-artery|MAXILLARY ARTERY]]
            * superficial temporal artery 
      * slightly curved course 
        * anteromedial to ICA in lower part 
        * anterolateral to ICA in upper part 
      * IN THE CAROTID TRIANGLE 
        * superficial 
          * superficial to ECA artery  
            * lies under cover of anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle
            * crossed superficially by cervical branch of facial nerve , hypoglossal nerve 
            * crossed also by facial nerve and hypoglossal nerve
            * crossed by facial , lingual , and superior thyroid veins
          * deep to ECA - artery 
            * wall of pharynx 
            * superior laryngeal nerve 
            * ascending pharyngeal artery
      * ABOVE THE CAROTID TRIANGLE 
        * lies deep inside parotid gland 
          * superficial to artery 
            * retromandibular vein 
            * facial nerve 
          * deep to artery 
            * ICA 
            * Structures passing between ICA and ECA 
              * Styloglossus 
              * stylopharyngeus 
              * pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve
            * superior laryngeal nerve 
            * superior cervical sympathetic ganglion 
    * Branches 
      * Anterior 
        * Superior thyroid 
          * course 
          * arises just below greater cornu of hyoid bone 
            * runs downwards and forwards parallel to external laryngeal nerve 
            * deep to infrahyoid muscles 
              * reaches upper pole of lateral lobe of thyroid gland 
          * clinically 
            * ligation is done near to gland 
              * due to relationship with nerve
          * branches 
            * superior laryngeal artery  
              * pierces thyrohyoid membrane 
            * sternocleidomastoid branch 
            * cricothyroid branch  
        * [[:en:lingual_artery|LINGUAL ARTERY]] 
        * [[:en:facial-artery|Facial Artery]] 
      * posterior
        * Occipital
        * Posterior auricular  
      * Medial 
        * Ascending pharyngeal
      * Terminal 
        * [[:en:maxillary-artery|MAXILLARY ARTERY]] 
        * Superficial Temporal 






|  238   |               |  ARTERIA CAROTIS COMMUNIS                                                               |  COMMON CAROTID ARTERY                                              |    |
|  239   |               |  Glomus caroticum                                                                       |  Carotid body                                                       |    |
|  240   |               |  Sinus caroticus                                                                        |  Carotid sinus                                                      |    |
|  241   |               |  Bifurcatio carotidis                                                                   |  Carotid bifurcation                                                |    |
|  242   |               |  ARTERIA CAROTIS EXTERNA                                                                |  EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY                                            |    |

|  243   |               |  A. thyroidea superior                                                                  |  Superior thyroid artery                                            |    |
|  244   |               |  R. infrahyoideus                                                                       |  Infrahyoid branch                                                  |    |
|  245   |               |  R. sternocleidomastoideus                                                              |  Sternocleidomastoid branch                                         |    |
|  246   |               |  A. laryngea superior                                                                   |  Superior laryngeal artery                                          |    |
|  247   |               |  R. cricothyroideus                                                                     |  Cricothyroid branch                                                |    |
|  248   |               |  R. glandularis anterior                                                                |  Anterior glandular branch                                          |    |
|  249   |               |  R. glandularis posterior                                                               |  Posterior glandular branch                                         |    |
|  250   |               |  R. glandularis lateralis                                                               |  Lateral glandular branch                                           |    |

|  251   |               |  Arteria pharyngea ascendens                                                            |  Ascending pharyngeal artery                                        |    |
|  252   |               |  A. meningea posterior                                                                  |  Posterior meningeal artery                                         |    |
|  253   |               |  Rr. pharyngeales                                                                       |  Pharyngeal branches                                                |    |
|  254   |               |  A. tympanica inferior                                                                  |  Inferior tympanic artery                                           |    |
|  255   |               |  (Truncus linguofacialis)                                                               |  (Linguofacial trunk)                                               |    |


|  256   |               |  Arteria lingualis                                                                      |  Lingual artery                                                     |    |
|  257   |               |  R. suprahyoideus                                                                       |  Suprahyoid branch                                                  |    |
|  258   |               |  Rr. dorsales linguae                                                                   |  Dorsal lingual branches                                            |    |
|  259   |               |  A. sublingualis                                                                        |  Sublingual artery                                                  |    |
|  260   |               |  A. profunda linguae                                                                    |  Deep lingual artery                                                |    |


|  261   |               |  Arteria facialis                                                                       |  Facial artery                                                      |    |
|  262   |               |  A. palatina ascendens                                                                  |  Ascending palatine artery                                          |    |
|  263   |               |  R. tonsillaris                                                                         |  Tonsillar branch                                                   |    |
|  264   |               |  A. submentalis                                                                         |  Submental artery                                                   |    |
|  265   |               |  Rr. glandulares                                                                        |  Glandular branches                                                 |    |
|  266   |               |  A. labialis inferior                                                                   |  Inferior labial branch                                             |    |
|  267   |               |  A. labialis superior                                                                   |  Superior labial branch                                             |    |
|  268   |               |  R. septi nasi                                                                          |  Nasal septal branch                                                |    |
|  269   |               |  R. lateralis nasi                                                                      |  Lateral nasal branch                                               |    |
|  270   |               |  A. angularis                                                                           |  Angular artery                                                     |    |


|  271   |               |  Arteria occipitalis                                                                    |  Occipital artery                                                   |    |
|  272   |               |  R. mastoideus                                                                          |  Mastoid branch                                                     |    |
|  273   |               |  R. auricularis                                                                         |  Auricular branch                                                   |    |
|  274   |               |  Rr. sternocleidomastoidei                                                              |  Sternocleidomastoid branches                                       |    |
|  275   |               |  Rr. occipitales                                                                        |  Occipital branches                                                 |    |
|  276   |               |  (R. meningeus)                                                                         |  (Meningeal branch)                                                 |    |
|  277   |               |  R. descendens                                                                          |  Descending branch                                                  |    |


|  278   |               |  Arteria auricularis posterior                                                          |  Posterior auricular artery                                         |    |
|  279   |               |  A. stylomastoidea                                                                      |  Stylomastoid artery                                                |    |
|  280   |               |  A. tympanica posterior                                                                 |  Posterior tympanic artery                                          |    |
|  281   |               |  Rr. mastoidei                                                                          |  Mastoid branch                                                     |    |
|  282   |               |  (R. stapedius)                                                                         |  (Stapedial branch)                                                 |    |
|  283   |               |  R. auricularis                                                                         |  Auricular branch                                                   |    |
|  284   |               |  R. occipitalis                                                                         |  Occipital branch                                                   |    |
|  285   |               |  R. parotideus                                                                          |  Parotid branch                                                     |    |


|  286   |               |  Arteria temporalis superficialis                                                       |  Superficial temporal artery                                        |    |
|  287   |               |  R. parotideus                                                                          |  Parotid branch                                                     |    |
|  288   |               |  A. transversa faciei                                                                   |  Transverse facial artery                                           |    |
|  289   |               |  Rr. auriculares anteriores                                                             |  Anterior auricular branches                                        |    |
|  290   |               |  A. zygomaticoorbitalis                                                                 |  Zygomatico-orbital artery                                          |    |
|  291   |               |  A. temporalis media                                                                    |  Middle temporal artery                                             |    |
|  292   |               |  R. frontalis                                                                           |  Frontal branch                                                     |    |
|  293   |               |  R. parietalis                                                                          |  Parietal branch                                                    |    |


|  294   |               |  Arteria maxillaris                                                                     |  Maxillary artery                                                   |    |
|  295   |               |  A. auricularis profunda                                                                |  Deep auricular artery                                              |    |
|  296   |               |  A. tympanica anterior                                                                  |  Anterior tympanic artery                                           |    |
|  297   |               |  A. alveolaris inferior                                                                 |  Inferior alveolar artery                                           |    |
|  298   |               |  Rr. dentales                                                                           |  Dental branches                                                    |    |
|  299   |               |  Rr. peridentales                                                                       |  Peridental branches                                                |    |
|  300   |               |  R. mentalis                                                                            |  Mental branch                                                      |    |
|  301   |               |  R. mylohyoideus                                                                        |  Mylohyoid branch                                                   |    |
|  302   |               |  A. meningea media                                                                      |  Middle meningeal artery                                            |    |
|  303   |               |  R. accessorius                                                                         |  Accessory branch                                                   |    |
|  304   |               |  R. frontalis                                                                           |  Frontal branch                                                     |    |
|  305   |               |  R. orbitalis                                                                           |  Orbital branch                                                     |    |
|  306   |               |  R. parietalis                                                                          |  Parietal branch                                                    |    |
|  307   |               |  R. petrosus                                                                            |  Petrosal branch                                                    |    |
|  308   |               |  A. tympanica superior                                                                  |  Superior tympanic artery                                           |    |
|  309   |               |  R. anastomoticus lacrimalis                                                            |  Anastomotic branch with lacrimal artery                            |    |
|  310   |               |  A. pterygomeningea                                                                     |  Pterygomeningeal artery                                            |    |
|  311   |               |  A. masseterica                                                                         |  Masseteric artery                                                  |    |
|  312   |               |  A. temporalis profunda anterior                                                        |  Anterior deep temporal artery                                      |    |
|  313   |               |  A. temporalis profunda posterior                                                       |  Posterior deep temporal artery                                     |    |
|  314   |               |  Rr. pterygoidei                                                                        |  Pterygoid branches                                                 |    |
|  315   |               |  A. buccalis                                                                            |  Buccal artery                                                      |    |
|  316   |               |  A. alveolaris superior posterior                                                       |  Posterior superior alveolar artery                                 |    |
|  317   |               |  Rr. dentales                                                                           |  Dental branches                                                    |    |
|  318   |               |  Rr. peridentales                                                                       |  Peridental branches                                                |    |
|  319   |               |  A. infraorbitalis                                                                      |  Infra-orbital artery                                               |    |
|  320   |               |  Aa. alveolares superiores anteriores                                                   |  Anterior superior alveolar arteries                                |    |
|  321   |               |  Rr. dentales                                                                           |  Dental branches                                                    |    |
|  322   |               |  Rr. peridentales                                                                       |  Peridental branches                                                |    |
|  323   |               |  A. canalis pterygoidei                                                                 |  Artery of pterygoid canal                                          |    |
|  324   |               |  R. pharyngeus                                                                          |  Pharyngeal branch                                                  |    |
|  325   |               |  A. palatina descendens                                                                 |  Descending palatine artery                                         |    |
|  326   |               |  A. palatina major                                                                      |  Greater palatine artery                                            |    |
|  327   |               |  Aa. palatinae minores                                                                  |  Lesser palatine arteries                                           |    |
|  328   |               |  R. pharyngeus                                                                          |  Pharyngeal branch                                                  |    |
|  329   |               |  A. sphenopalatina                                                                      |  Sphenopalatine artery                                              |    |
|  330   |               |  Aa. nasales posteriores laterales                                                      |  Posterior lateral nasal arteries                                   |    |
|  331   |               |  Rr. septales posteriores                                                               |  Posterior sseptal branches                                         |    |