en:dwarf_characters [Chapters]

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====== dwarf characters ======

DID YOU EVER READ ABOUT DWARVES,THEY LOOK VERY SMALL IN REAL BUT IN CARTOON THEY ARE KNOWN TO BE VERY POWERFUL AND MAGICAL.

Dwarfism, also known as short stature, occurs when an organism is extremely small. In humans, it is sometimes defined as an adult height of less than 4 feet 10 inches (58 in; 147 cm), regardless of sex, although some individuals with dwarfism are slightly taller.

Cretinism is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth owing to 
untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormone (congenital hypothyroidism) 
usually owing to maternal hypothyroidism.Around the world, the most common cause of 
congenital hypothyroidism is iodine deficiency. Cretinism is therefore most probably due 
to a diet deficient in iodine.


Achondroplasia is a common cause of dwarfism. 
It occurs as a sporadic mutation in about 80% of cases (associated with advanced paternal age) or 
it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant genetic disorder.

Turner syndrome (TS), also known as 45,X or 45,X0, is a condition in which a female is 
partly or completely missing an X chromosome.
Signs and symptoms vary among those affected. Often, a short and webbed neck, 
low-set ears, low hairline at the back of the neck, short stature, and swollen hands and feet are seen at birth.

Noonan syndrome (NS) is a relatively common autosomal dominant congenital disorder and is named after 
Jacqueline Noonan, a pediatric cardiologist. It is referred to as the male version of Turner's syndrome;
however, the genetic causes of Noonan syndrome and Turner syndrome are distinct and both males and females 
are affected. The principal features include congenital heart defect (typically pulmonary valve stenosis; 
also atrial septal defect and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), short stature, learning problems, 
pectus excavatum, impaired blood clotting, and a characteristic configuration of 
facial features including a webbed neck and a flat nose bridge.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), also known as brittle bone disease, is a group of genetic disorders that 
mainly affect the bones. It results in bones that break easily. The severity may be mild to severe. 
Other symptoms may include a blue tinge to the whites of the eye, short height, loose joints, hearing loss, 
breathing problems, and problems with the teeth.


Mucopolysaccharidoses are a group of metabolic disorders caused by the absence or malfunctioning of lysosomal 
enzymes needed to break down molecules called glycosaminoglycans. These long chains of sugar carbohydrates 
occur within the cells that help build bone, cartilage, tendons, corneas, skin and connective tissue.
Glycosaminoglycans (formerly called mucopolysaccharides) are also found in the fluids that lubricate joints.
Physical symptoms generally include coarse or rough facial features (including a flat nasal bridge, 
thick lips, and enlarged mouth and tongue), short stature with disproportionately short trunk (dwarfism), 
dysplasia (abnormal bone size and/or shape) and other skeletal irregularities, thickened skin, 
enlarged organs such as liver (hepatomegaly) or spleen (splenomegaly), hernias, and excessive body hair growth.
 Short and often claw-like hands, progressive joint stiffness, and carpal tunnel syndrome can 
restrict hand mobility and function. Recurring respiratory infections are common, 
as are obstructive airway disease and obstructive sleep apnea. 


 SIGNS/FEATURES OR APPEARANCE OR COSTUME OF DWARFS 
Disproportionate dwarfism
Shortening of the proximal limbs (called rhizomelic shortening)
Short fingers and toes with trident hands
Large head with prominent forehead frontal bossing
Small midface with a flattened nasal bridge
Spinal kyphosis (convex curvature) or lordosis (concave curvature)
Varus (bowleg) or valgus (knock knee) deformities