en:chromosome_structure [Chapters]

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====== CHROMOSOMAL STRUCTURE  ======

  * Single Element called as 
     * जीवग्रंथ सूत्र  , जीवपुस्तक सूत्र ( chromosome = book  ) 
        * PARTS 
          * GROSS PARTS 
            * जीवग्रंथ भाग  ( chromatid) 
              * सहोदरी / स्वासृ  जीवग्रंथ ( sister chromatids ) 
              * called as P arm and Q arm 
            * Centromeres 
              * present at primary constriction 
              * several hundred kilobase of repetitive DNA
            * Secondary constriction 
              * nucleolar organizer region 
              * if it is present distal it is called 
                * satellite 
            * Telomeres 
              * 3-20 kilobase in length  
            * middle parts or Segmental Part or a sequence called 
              * [[:en:gene| ( जीवशब्द सूत्र (gene))  ]] 
               * protein-coding ( introns )
               * non-protein coding ( exons ) 
               * Analogical pair present on other chromosome
                 * अपरजीवशब्द , पराजीवशब्द ( ALLELE )( allele )
                   * उत्परिवर्तन (mutations )  
                     * dominant ( प्रभावी ) 
                       * sex-linked
                       * autosomal dominant
                     * recessive ( अप्रभावी ) 
                       * sex linked 
                       * autosomal recessive
               * जीवशब्द स्थल ( LOCUS )( locus ) 
          * MICROSCOPIC PARTS 
            * जीवध्याय सूत्र का मुड़ना 
             * [[:en:deoxyribonucleic_acid | DNA / RNA ( जीवध्याय सूत्र ) ]]  
        * प्रकार ( types ) 
          * acrocentric 
          * telocentric  
          * acentric 
          * submetacentric
          * metacentric
          * ring 
           * गुणों का वाहक (carriers of hereditary characters)

====== GENETIC LANGUAGE THEORY ======

<a2s>
+---BOOK------->--ENCYCLOPEDIA-----------------------------------------------+    
|                                                                            |    
|   +----PAGE------>--NUCLEUS-------------------------------------------+    |    
|   |                                                                   |  PORTALS
|   |                                                                   |    |    
|   |                                                       Chromosomes |  NUCLEAR PORES      
|   |                                                       +-----------+    |    
|   |                                            DNA , RNA  |           |    |    
|   |                                             +---------+   Overview|    |    
|   |                                             |            +--------+    |    
|   |                                     +-------+   Chapter  |        |    |    
|   |                                     |          +---------+        |    |    
|   |                           +---------+  Essays  |                  |    |    
|   |     Polynucleotide chain  |            +-------+                  |    |    
|   |                   +-------+   Paragraph|                          |    |    
|   |              Gene |            +-------+                          |    |    
|   |            +------+   Sentence |                                  |    |    
|   |            |           +-------+                                  |    |    
|   | Nucleotide |     Word  |                                          |    |    
|   |            |+----------+                                          |    |    
|   |            || Alphabets                                           |    |    
|   +----------TREES----------------------------------------------------+    |    
|                                                                            |    
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+  
</a2s>



  * zero level 
    * जीवक्षराणु (nucleobase) , जीवक्षराणु (nucleobase) 
      * adenine , guanine , cytosine , thymine , uracil 
  * First level is alphabets 
    * जीवक्षर ( nucleotide ) , जीवक्षर ( nucleotide ) 
  * second level is words 
    * जीवशब्द सूत्र ( GENE )  , जीवशब्द सूत्र ( GENE )  
      * जीवशब्द स्थल ( LOCUS ) 
    * अपरजीवशब्द ( ALLELE ) 
  * third level is sentences 
    * बहुलजीवक्षर सूत्र / महाशब्द शूत्र / जीव वाक्यसूत्र   ( polynucleotide chain ) ,
  * fourth level is paragraph 
  * fifth level is chapter 
    * जीवध्याय सूत्र ( DNA ) , गुणसूत्र ( DNA ) 
    * स्मृतिसूत्र ( RNA )
  * sixth level is book 
    * जीवग्रंथ सूत्र  , जीवपुस्तक सूत्र ( chromosome ) 






  * वाक्याणु ( part of a speech ) ) 
   * Assuming the Role of shape as 
        * Reproductive particles 

  * वंशाणु , पित्रैक , गुणसूत्राणु , गुणाणु 
  * गुणसूत्रांश , गुणसूत्रण्ड़
  * जीव शब्दवंश , परागुणाणु / परावंशाणु 
  * गुणस्थान , 
  * गुणसूत्र , 
  * गुण (traits) 
  * स्वयुक्ति ( self-possess - carrier ) 
  * वंश 
  * इतरयुक्ति 
  * संयुक्त 
  * जैवक्रिया (biological activity)
  * अनुलेखन (transcription)
  * genetic structure 
  * genetic code
  * अनुवाद (translation )