====== LIST OF DISTINCT CELL TYPES ======




===== Cells derived primarily from endoderm =====

==== Exocrine secretory epithelial cells. ====

^		^	function	^	Location	^	analogy	^	cartoon	^
|	Brunner's gland cell 	|	 (enzymes and alkaline mucus)	|	Duodenum	|		|		|
|	Insulated goblet cell of respiratory and digestive tracts 	|	(mucus secretion)	|		|		|		|
|	Foveolar cell 	|	(mucus secretion)	|	stomach	|		|		|
|	Chief cell 	|	pepsinogen 	|	stomach	|		|		|
|	Parietal cell 	|	gastric acid or hcl	|	stomach	|		|		|
|	Pancreatic acinar cell (bicarbonate and digestive enzyme secretion)	|	enzymes	|		|		|		|
|	Paneth cell of small intestine 	|	lysozyme	|		|		|		|
|	Type II pneumocyte of lung 	|	surfactant	|		|		|		|
|	Club cell of lung	|		|		|		|		|

==== Barrier cells ====
  * Type I pneumocyte (lung)
  * Gall bladder epithelial cell
  * Centroacinar cell (pancreas)
  * Intercalated duct cell (pancreas)
  * Intestinal brush border cell (with microvilli)
==== Hormone-secreting cells ====

=== Enteroendocrine cell ===

^		^	function	^	Location	^	analogy	^	cartoon	^
|	K cell 	|	(secretes gastric inhibitory peptide)	|	Duodenum	|		|		|
|	L cell 	|	(secretes glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY3-36, oxyntomodulin, and glucagon-like peptide-2)	|		|		|		|
|	I cell	|	 (secretes cholecystokinin (CCK))	|	stomach	|		|		|
|	G cell 	|	secretes gastrin	|	stomach	|		|		|
|	Enterochromaffin cell 	|	(secretes serotonin	|	stomach	|		|		|
|	Enterochromaffin-like cell 	|	(secretes histamine)	|		|		|		|
|	N cell 	|	(secretes neurotensin)	|		|		|		|
|	S cell 	|	(secretes secretin)	|		|		|		|
|	D cell	|	 (secretes somatostatin)	|		|		|		|
|	Mo cell (or M cell) 	|	(secretes motilin)	|		|		|		|
|	vasoactive intestinal peptide,	|		|		|		|		|
|	substance P,	|		|		|		|		|
|	alpha and gamma-endorphin,	|		|		|		|		|
|	 bombesin	|		|		|		|		|

=== Thyroid gland cells ===

  * Thyroid epithelial cell
  * Parafollicular cell
=== Parathyroid gland cells ===
  * Parathyroid chief cell
  * Oxyphil cell
=== Pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) ===

  * Alpha cell (secretes glucagon)
  * Beta cell (secretes insulin and amylin)
  * Delta cell (secretes somatostatin)
  * Epsilon cell (secretes ghrelin)
  * PP cell (gamma cell) (secretes pancreatic polypeptide)
===== Cells derived primarily from ectoderm =====

==== Exocrine secretory epithelial cells ====

^		^	function	^	Location	^	analogy	^	cartoon	^
|	Salivary gland mucous cell	|		|		|		|		|
|	Salivary gland serous cell	|		|		|		|		|
|	Von Ebner's gland cell in tongue (washes taste buds)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Mammary gland cell (milk secretion)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Lacrimal gland cell (tear secretion)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Ceruminous gland cell in ear (earwax secretion)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Eccrine sweat gland dark cell (glycoprotein secretion)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Eccrine sweat gland clear cell (small molecule secretion)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Apocrine sweat gland cell (odoriferous secretion, sex-hormone sensitive)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Gland of Moll cell in eyelid (specialized sweat gland)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Sebaceous gland cell (lipid-rich sebum secretion)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Bowman's gland cell in nose (washes olfactory epithelium)	|		|		|		|		|

==== Hormone-secreting cells ====

=== Anterior/Intermediate pituitary cells ===

  * Corticotropes
  * Gonadotropes
  * Lactotropes
  * Melanotropes
  * Somatotropes
  * Thyrotropes
  * Magnocellular neurosecretory cells, secrete oxytocin and vasopressin
  * Parvocellular neurosecretory cells, secrete thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), vasopressin, oxytocin, neurotensin, and prolactin
  * Chromaffin cells (adrenal gland)
==== Epithelial cells ====

  * Keratinocyte (differentiating epidermal cell)
  * Epidermal basal cell (stem cell)
  * Melanocyte
=== Trichocyte (gives rise to hair and nail cells) ===

^		^	function	^	Location	^	analogy	^	cartoon	^
|	Medullary hair shaft cell	|		|		|		|		|
|	Cortical hair shaft cell	|		|		|		|		|
|	Cuticular hair shaft cell	|		|		|		|		|
|	Huxley's layer hair root sheath cell	|		|		|		|		|
|	Henle's layer hair root sheath cell	|		|		|		|		|
|	Outer root sheath hair cell	|		|		|		|		|
|	Surface epithelial cell of cornea, tongue, mouth, nasal cavity, distal anal canal, distal urethra, and distal vagina	|		|		|		|		|
|	basal cell (stem cell) of cornea, tongue, mouth, nasal cavity, distal anal canal, distal urethra, and distal vagina	|		|		|		|		|
|	Intercalated duct cell (salivary glands)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Striated duct cell (salivary glands)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Lactiferous duct cell (mammary glands)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Ameloblast (deposit tooth enamel)	|		|		|		|		|

==== Oral cells ====

Odontoblast (tooth dentin formation)
Cementoblast (tooth cementum formation)
==== Nervous system ====

There are nerve cells, also known as neurons, present in our human body. They are branched out. These cells make up nervous tissue. A neuron consists of a cell body with a nucleus and cytoplasm, from which long thin hair-like parts arise.

=== Sensory transducer cells ===

^		^	function	^	Location	^	analogy	^	cartoon	^
|	Auditory inner hair cells of organ of Corti	|		|		|		|		|
|	Auditory outer hair cells of organ of Corti	|		|		|		|		|
|	Basal cells of olfactory epithelium (stem cell for olfactory neurons)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Cold-sensitive primary sensory neurons	|		|		|		|		|
|	Heat-sensitive primary sensory neurons	|		|		|		|		|
|	Merkel cells of epidermis	|		|		|		|		|
|	Olfactory receptor neurons	|		|		|		|		|
|	Pain-sensitive primary sensory neurons	|		|		|		|		|
|	Photoreceptor cells of retina in eye:	|		|		|		|		|
|	Photoreceptor rod cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Photoreceptor blue-sensitive cone cells of eye	|		|		|		|		|
|	Photoreceptor green-sensitive cone cells of eye	|		|		|		|		|
|	Photoreceptor red-sensitive cone cells of eye	|		|		|		|		|
|	Proprioceptive primary sensory neurons	|		|		|		|		|
|	Touch-sensitive primary sensory neuronss	|		|		|		|		|
|	Chemoreceptor glomus cells of carotid body cell (blood pH sensor)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Outer hair cells of vestibular system of ear (acceleration and gravity)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Inner hair cells of vestibular system of ear (acceleration and gravity)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Taste receptor cells of taste bud	|		|		|		|		|

=== Autonomic neuron cells ===

  * Cholinergic neurons (various types)
  * Adrenergic neural cells (various types)
  * Peptidergic neural cells (various types)
=== Sense organ and peripheral neuron supporting cells ===

^		^	function	^	Location	^	analogy	^	cartoon	^
|	Inner pillar cells of organ of Corti	|		|		|		|		|
|	Outer pillar cells of organ of Corti	|		|		|		|		|
|	Inner phalangeal cells of organ of Corti	|		|		|		|		|
|	Outer phalangeal cells of organ of Corti	|		|		|		|		|
|	Border cells of organ of Corti	|		|		|		|		|
|	Hensen's cells of organ of Corti	|		|		|		|		|
|	Vestibular apparatus supporting cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Taste bud supporting cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Olfactory epithelium supporting cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Olfactory ensheathing cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Schwann cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Satellite glial cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Enteric glial cells	|		|		|		|		|

=== Central nervous system neurons and glial cells ===
  * Neuron cells (large variety of types, still poorly classified)
=== Interneurons ===

^		^	function	^	Location	^	analogy	^	cartoon	^
|	Basket cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Cartwheel cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Stellate cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Golgi cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Granule cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Lugaro cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Unipolar brush cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Martinotti cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Chandelier cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Cajal–Retzius cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Double-bouquet cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Neurogliaform cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Retina horizontal cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Amacrine cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Starburst amacrine cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Spinal interneurons	|		|		|		|		|
|	Renshaw cells	|		|		|		|		|

=== Principal cells ===

^		^	function	^	Location	^	analogy	^	cartoon	^
|	Spindle neurons	|		|		|		|		|
|	Fork neurons	|		|		|		|		|
|	Pyramidal cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Place cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Grid cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Speed cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Head direction cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Betz cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Stellate cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Boundary cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Bushy cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Purkinje cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Medium spiny neurons	|		|		|		|		|
|	Astrocytes	|		|		|		|		|
|	Oligodendrocytes	|		|		|		|		|
|	Ependymal cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Tanycytes	|		|		|		|		|
|	Pituicytes	|		|		|		|		|

=== Lens cells ===

  * Anterior lens epithelial cell
  * Crystallin-containing lens fiber cell
===== Cells derived primarily from mesoderm =====

==== Metabolism and storage cells ====

  * Adipocytes:
  * White fat cell
  * Brown fat cell
  * Liver lipocyte
==== Secretory cells ====

^		^	function	^	Location	^	analogy	^	cartoon	^
|	Cells of the Adrenal cortex	|		|		|		|		|
|	Cells of the Zona glomerulosa produce mineralocorticoids	|		|		|		|		|
|	Cells of the Zona fasciculata produce glucocorticoids	|		|		|		|		|
|	Cells of the Zona reticularis produce androgens	|		|		|		|		|
|	Theca interna cell of ovarian follicle secreting estrogen	|		|		|		|		|
|	Corpus luteum cell of ruptured ovarian follicle secreting progesterone	|		|		|		|		|
|	Granulosa lutein cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Theca lutein cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Leydig cell of testes secreting testosterone	|		|		|		|		|
|	Seminal vesicle cell (secretes seminal fluid components, including fructose for swimming sperm)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Prostate gland cell (secretes seminal fluid components)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Bulbourethral gland cell (mucus secretion)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Bartholin's gland cell (vaginal lubricant secretion)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Gland of Littre cell (mucus secretion)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Uterus endometrium cell (carbohydrate secretion)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Juxtaglomerular cell (renin secretion)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Macula densa cell of kidney	|		|		|		|		|
|	Peripolar cell of kidney	|		|		|		|		|
|	Mesangial cell of kidney	|		|		|		|		|

==== Barrier cells ====
=== Urinary system ===

  * Parietal epithelial cell
  * Podocyte
  * Proximal tubule brush border cell
  * Loop of Henle thin segment cell
  * Kidney distal tubule cell
  * Kidney collecting duct cell
  * Principal cell
  * Intercalated cell
  * Transitional epithelium (lining urinary bladder)
=== Reproductive system ===

  * Duct cell (of seminal vesicle, prostate gland, etc.)
  * Efferent ducts cell
  * Epididymal principal cell
  * Epididymal basal cell
=== Circulatory system ===
  * Endothelial cells
==== Extracellular matrix cells ====

^		^	function	^	Location	^	analogy	^	cartoon	^
|	Planum semilunatum epithelial cell of vestibular system of ear (proteoglycan secretion)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Organ of Corti interdental epithelial cell (secreting tectorial membrane covering hair cells)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Loose connective tissue fibroblasts	|		|		|		|		|
|	Corneal fibroblasts (corneal keratocytes)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Tendon fibroblasts	|		|		|		|		|
|	Bone marrow reticular tissue fibroblasts	|		|		|		|		|
|	Other nonepithelial fibroblasts	|		|		|		|		|
|	Pericyte	|		|		|		|		|
|	Hepatic stellate cell (Ito cell)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Nucleus pulposus cell of intervertebral disc	|		|		|		|		|
|	Hyaline cartilage chondrocyte	|		|		|		|		|
|	Fibrocartilage chondrocyte	|		|		|		|		|
|	Elastic cartilage chondrocyte	|		|		|		|		|
|	Osteoblast/osteocyte	|		|		|		|		|
|	Osteoprogenitor cell (stem cell of osteoblasts)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Hyalocyte of vitreous body of eye	|		|		|		|		|
|	Stellate cell of perilymphatic space of ear	|		|		|		|		|
|	Pancreatic stellate cell	|		|		|		|		|

  * Note: Cephalic connective tissue and bones are derived from the Cranial neural crest which comes from the ectoderm germ layer

==== Contractile cells ====

^		^	function	^	Location	^	analogy	^	cartoon	^
^	Skeletal muscle cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Red skeletal muscle cell (slow twitch)	|		|		|		|		|
|	White skeletal muscle cell (fast twitch)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Intermediate skeletal muscle cell	|		|		|		|		|
|	Nuclear bag cell of muscle spindle	|		|		|		|		|
|	Nuclear chain cell of muscle spindle	|		|		|		|		|
|	Myosatellite cell (stem cell)	|		|		|		|		|
^	Cardiac muscle cells	|		|		|		|		|
|	Cardiac muscle cell	|		|		|		|		|
|	SA node cell	|		|		|		|		|
|	Purkinje fiber cell	|		|		|		|		|
^	other	|		|		|		|		|
|	Smooth muscle cell (various types)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Myoepithelial cell of iris	|		|		|		|		|
|	Myoepithelial cell of exocrine glands	|		|		|		|		|

==== Blood and immune system cells ====

^		^	function	^	Location	^	analogy	^	cartoon	^
|	Erythrocyte (red blood cell) and precursor erythroblasts	|		|		|		|		|
|	Megakaryocyte (platelet precursor)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Platelets if considered distinct cells, currently there's debate on the subject.	|		|		|		|		|
|	Monocyte (white blood cell)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Connective tissue macrophage (various types)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Epidermal Langerhans cell	|		|		|		|		|
|	Osteoclast (in bone)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Dendritic cell (in lymphoid tissues)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Microglial cell (in central nervous system)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Neutrophil granulocyte and precursors (myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte)	|		|		|		|		|
|	Eosinophil granulocyte and precursors	|		|		|		|		|
|	Basophil granulocyte and precursors	|		|		|		|		|
|	Mast cell	|		|		|		|		|
|	Helper T cell	|		|		|		|		|
|	Regulatory T cell	|		|		|		|		|
|	Cytotoxic T cell	|		|		|		|		|
|	Natural killer T cell	|		|		|		|		|
|	B cell	|		|		|		|		|
|	Plasma cell	|		|		|		|		|
|	Natural killer cell	|		|		|		|		|
|	Hematopoietic stem cells and committed progenitors for the blood and immune system (various types)	|		|		|		|		|

==== Germ cells ====

  * Oogonium/Oocyte
  * Spermatid
  * Spermatocyte
  * Spermatogonium cell (stem cell for spermatocyte)
  * Spermatozoon
==== Nurse cell ====

  * Granulosa cell (in ovaries)
  * Sertoli cell (in testis)
  * Epithelial reticular cell (in thymus)
== Interstitial cells ==
Interstitial kidney cells